Improving Productivity in U.S. Marine Container Terminals -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- Contents -- Summary Report of the Committee on Productivity of Marine Terminals -- Findings -- State of the Art of Marine Container Terminals -- Marine Container Terminal Systems Engineering and Design -- Operating Systems -- Marine Container Terminal Operations -- Rail Operations -- Intermodal Operations -- Truck Operations -- Terminal Management -- Information Systems in Marine Terminals -- Labor-Management Relationships -- Impact of Government Policies on Container Terminals -- Comparison of U.S. and Foreign Marine Container Terminals -- Opportunities for Improving Productivity in Marine Terminals -- Measuring Productivity-A Precondition to Improvement -- Need to Gather Data -- Possible Uses of Data -- Improving Productivity Through Capital Investment -- Improving Productivity Through Operations Research -- Improving Productivity by Improving Working Relationships -- Achieving Mutually Supportive Labor-Management Relations -- A Process for Improving Productivity -- PART 1 WORKSHOP REPORTS -- Measures of Marine Container Terminal Productivity -- THE ELEMENTS AND CONSTITUENCIES INVOLVED IN PRODUCTIVITY -- A PROFILE OF PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES -- USING A PROFILE TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY -- Issues in Improving Productivity -- NEW TECHNOLOGIES REQUIRING MAJOR CAPITAL INVESTMENT -- INCREMENTAL OPERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS NOT REQUIRING CAPITAL INVESTMENT -- Outside the Terminal Boundaries -- Gate Operations -- Other Terminal Operations -- IMPROVING LABOR AND MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE RELATIONS -- Innovative Labor and Management Practices -- Employment Continuity -- Multiskilling -- Flexible Hours -- Strengthening First-Line Supervision -- Summary -- Achieving Mutually Supportive Labor and Management Relations.

Implications of Technological and Operational Factors for Competition and Trade -- PRINCIPAL FINDINGS -- PART 2 SYMPOSIUM PAPERS -- Introduction -- Trends in World Trade: Implications for U.S. Marine Terminals -- TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE -- THE ROLE OF THE U.S. ECONOMY IN THE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM -- INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE PACIFIC BASIN -- GOVERNMENT POLICY IMPACT ON WORLD TRADE -- CORPORATE STRATEGIES -- The Marine Terminal-An Element of Transportation Systems -- PRODUCTIVITY FROM A RAIL TRANSPORTATION PERSPECTIVE -- Improving System Productivity -- MARINE TERMINAL PRODUCTIVITY AS IT RELATES TO THE TRUCKING INDUSTRY -- Grounded Container Operations -- Gate Operations -- Available Productive Working Hours at a Marine Terminal -- MARINE CONTAINER TERMINAL PRODUCTIVITY -- Who Cares? -- How to Improve Stevedoring Productivity -- The Ship -- The Crane -- Other Container-Handling Equipment -- The Terminal -- The Human Element -- Planning -- Control and Management -- Labor -- Conclusion -- PRODUCTIVITY CONCERNS IN INTERMODAL TERMINAL OPERATIONS -- Discussion -- U.S. Marine Terminal Technology and Operation -- TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION IN U.S. MARINE TERMINALS -- The Rail Perspective -- Civil Engineering Aspects -- Labor Productivity and Manning Levels -- Equipment and Facilities -- Management Systems -- Bulk Cargo Systems -- Summary -- MARINE TERMINAL OPERATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES -- Container-Handling Systems -- Which System is Best? -- Public Versus Private Container Terminals -- Overview of Operating Procedures -- Operations Control Center -- Export Container Flow to Terminal -- Vessel Discharge Planning -- Seaworthiness Aspects -- The Gate Complex -- Container Flow -- Throughput -- Container Terminal Cost Breakdown -- The Effect of Work Rules on Productivity -- Viewpoints Concerning Productivity.

APPLICATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO MARINE TERMINAL OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY -- Automatic Equipment Control -- Training Technology -- Material-Handling Systems -- Decision Support Systems -- Conclusion -- THE HUMAN ELEMENT IN MARINE TERMINAL PRODUCTIVITY -- Why Change? -- Competition -- Safety -- Direction of Change -- Work Force Reduction -- Stability of Employment -- Employee Involvement in Problem Solving -- Decentralization -- Multiskilling -- Incentive -- Labor-Management Cooperation -- Recommendations -- Productivity at Selected Foreign Marine Terminals -- TERMINAL PRODUCTIVITY AT EUROPE CONTAINER TERMINUS, ROTTERDAM: A VARIETY OF FACTORS -- Productivity: What is the Product? -- Productivity Control -- Future Trends -- Opportunities for Better Productivity and Cost Control -- TECHNOLOGY, OPERATIONS, AND PRODUCTIVITY AT MARINE TERMINALS OF SCANDINAVIA -- Historical Background -- Terminal Technology -- Terminal Access -- Open Areas -- Solid Ground -- Lighting -- Functional Layout -- Large Free-Span Sheds -- Handling Equipment -- Terminal Operation -- Productivity -- PRODUCTIVITY OF CANADIAN MARINE TERMINALS -- Conclusion -- The Importance of Productive, Efficient Intermodal Transportation for International Competitiveness -- APPENDIXES -- Appendix A Biographies of Committee Members -- Appendix B List of Participants -- National Meeting on Productivity of Marine Terminals -- Committee -- Invited Participants -- Staff -- Appendix C Agenda -- Appendix D Composition of Workshops -- Work Group on Measures of Marine Container Terminal Productivity -- Work Group on Issues in Improving Productivity -- Work Group on Implications of Technological and Operational Factors for Competition and Trade.