BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH SCIENTISTS: THEIR TRAINING AND SUPPLY -- Copyright -- Contents -- EVALUATING THE NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARD PROGRAM: A REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE -- WHAT TYPES OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS ARE OF CURRENT INTEREST? -- DEMAND FOR THE PROGRAM AND LEVELS OF PARTICIPATION -- PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS AND OPERATION -- PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS -- OUTCOMES AND/OR EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM COMPONENTS -- Cost-Effectiveness -- Development and Maturation of Scientific Careers -- Where Improvements in Evaluation Activities Are Needed? -- GAPS IN UNDERSTANDING PROGRAM PARTICIPATION AND OPERATION -- Needed Information on the Demand for the Program -- Needed Information on Participation Levels and Participant Characteristics -- Needed Information on Program Characteristics and Activities -- GAPS IN UNDERSTANDING PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND EFFECTS -- Predoctoral Training for Ph.D.s. -- Postdoctoral Research Training for Ph.D.s. -- Postdoctoral Training for M.D.s. -- GAPS IN UNDERSTANDING OUTCOMES AND EFFECTS OF NRSA PROGRAM COMPONENTS -- GAPS IN BASIC EVALUATIVE DATA FOR PROGRAMS IN SPECIFIC FIELDS/RESEARCH PROBLEMS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE EVALUATION ACTIVITIES -- ENSURING THE QUALITY OF DATA BASES ON NRSA APPOINTMENTS -- ENSURING A CORE SET OF EVALUATION ACTIVITIES FOR ALL NRSA PROGRAMS -- INITIATING EVALUATION ACTIVITIES THAT PROVIDE BETTER INFORMATION ON PROGRAM PARTICIPATION AND OPERATION -- INCREASED ATTENTION TO ASSESSING PROGRAM OUTCOMES -- INCREASING THE AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH ON RESEARCH TRAINING -- EXPLORING THE FEASIBILITY OF EVALUATION DESIGNS FOR ASSESSING EFFECTIVENESS -- REFERENCES -- PRODUCTIVITY -- INTRODUCTION -- SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR PLANNING STUDIES OF PRODUCTIVITY OR QUALITY -- MEASURES OF PRODUCTIVITY -- Publication Counts -- CITATIONS.

JOURNALS AND SUBFIELDS -- PEER ASSESSMENT -- GRANTS AND GRANT APPLICATIONS -- ACADEMIC RANK, RATE OF ADVANCEMENT, SALARY -- HONORS AND AWARDS -- MENTORING -- PATENTS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX: SCIENCE STUDIES RESOURCES -- HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH PERSONNEL: DEMAND, SUPPLY, AND ADEQUACY OF TRAINING RESOURCES -- INTRODUCTION -- WHO CONDUCTS HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH? -- TRAINING FOR HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH -- DISCIPLINARY DEGREE PROGRAMS -- INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING PROGRAMS -- POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING PROGRAMS -- ON-THE-JOB TRAINING -- HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS -- SUPPORT FOR HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH TRAINING -- FEDERAL SUPPORT -- PRIVATE FUNDING -- FUTURE EVENTS -- CONCLUSION -- TRAINING OF PHYSICIAN/SCIENTISTS -- SPECIAL ROLE OF THE PHYSICIAN/SCIENTIST -- SUPPLY OF PHYSICIAN/SCIENTISTS -- HOW MANY PHYSICIAN/SCIENTISTS SHOULD BE TRAINED? -- Methods for Recruiting and Training Physician/Scientists Current Barriers -- General Principles of Training -- MODELS FOR TRAINING IN DEPTH -- EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- BIOMEDICAL/BEHAVIORAL COHORT MODEL: A TECHNICAL PAPER -- INTRODUCTION -- THE MODEL: AN OVERVIEW -- SCIENTIST ATTRITION: DEATH, RETIREMENT, AND NET MOBILITY -- Data -- Initial Career and Biological Distribution -- Death and Retirement Rates -- Net Mobility Rates -- Model Structure -- DEMAND FOR SCIENTISTS -- Postdoctorates -- Analysis: Vacancy Ratios -- APPENDIX A -- APPENDIX B -- APPENDIX C -- APPENDIX D.