Managing Coastal Erosion -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Erosion Hazard Reduction -- Hazard Delineation -- Recommended Methodologies -- Standards For Development -- Impacts Of Navigational And Flood Control Projects On Shore Stability -- Erosion Control Through Coastal Engineering -- Sand And Gravel Mining -- Subsidence -- Education -- Data Base Development And Research -- Research -- Unified National Program For Floodplain Management -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Coastal Erosion: Its Causes, Effects, and Distribution -- INTRODUCTION -- REGIONAL VARIATION -- Types Of Beaches -- BEACH PROCESSES--THE NATURAL SYSTEM -- Beach Sands: Sources And Sinks -- Seasonal Fluctuations -- Storm-Related Beach Changes -- Trends Of Shoreline Change -- Natural Subsidence -- HUMAN-INDUCED CHANGES -- Inlets, Jetties, And Dredged Entrances -- Ocean City Inlet, Maryland -- St. Mary's Entrance, Florida -- Port Canaveral, Florida -- Sand Disposal Offshore -- Sand Mining -- Human-Induced Subsidence -- Dams -- Groins, Seawalls, and Breakwaters -- U.S. COASTLINE CHARACTERISTICS -- Atlantic Coast -- Gulf Coast -- Pacific Coast -- Great Lakes -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 3 Management and Approaches -- INTRODUCTION -- TYPES OF DIVERSITY -- Physical Diversity -- Settlement Diversity -- Political Diversity -- PRIVATE AND PUBLIC PARTICIPANTS IN COASTAL MANAGEMENT -- Private Sector -- Public Sector -- RELEVANT FEDERAL. PROGRAMS -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Department of the Interior -- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration -- Federal Emergency Management Agency -- Coastal Barrier Resources Act -- METHODS FOR EROSION HAZARD REDUCTION -- Introduction -- Shoreline Engineering -- Beach Nourishment -- Groins -- Seawalls and Revetments.

Offshore Breakwaters -- Sand Bypassing -- Dune Building -- Building and Land Use Management -- Setback Requirements -- The Taking Issue -- Relocation -- Construction Requirements -- Other Community Management Tools -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 4 The National Flood Insurance Program -- OVERVIEW -- NFIP EROSION PROVISIONS -- EXPERIENCE WITH HAZARD DELINEATION IN THE NFIP -- EXPERIENCE WITH COSTS -- LOSS PREVENTION UNDER THE NFIP: THE UPTON-JONES AMENDMENT -- EXPERIENCE TO DATE WITH THE UPTON-JONES AMENDMENT -- DELINEATION AND LOCAL MANAGEMENT OF E-ZONES -- INCLUSION OF EROSION IN UNIFIED NATIONAL PROGRAM -- REFERENCES -- 5 State Programs and Experiences -- TYPES OF STATE PROGRAMS -- Program Elements -- Program Experience -- MICHIGAN'S GREAT LAKES SHORELAND EROSION PROGRAM -- NORTH CAROLINA'S COASTAL EROSION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM -- FLORIDA'S COASTAL EROSION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM -- CALIFORNIA'S COASTAL EROSION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 6 Predicting Future Shoreline Changes -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL SHORELINE CHANGE METHOD -- Available Data Base -- Shoreline Indicator for Mapping Purposes -- Error Analysis of Map Compilation -- Projection of Shoreline Positions -- Existing Nationwide Data on Beach Erosion -- PREDICTIVE MODELS -- Background -- Limitation of Existing Modeling Methodology -- A COMPREHENSIVE METHOD OF PREDICTING SHORELINE CHANGES -- Background -- Method Based on Monte Carlo Simulations -- FEMA's Present Methodology -- Definition of Imminent Collapse -- RECOMMENDED METHODOLOGIES -- Introduction -- Historical Shoreline Change Method -- Long-Term Methodology -- ESTABLISHMENT OF A COMPUTERIZED NATIONAL DATA BASE -- RESEARCH AND DATA NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- Appendixes -- A Upton-Jones Amendment -- Public Law 100-242-Feb. 5, 1988.

Sec. 544. Schedule for Payment of Flood Insurance for Structures on Land Subject to Imminent Collaps... -- B Glossary -- C Shore Response Modeling Methods -- Introduction -- Longshore Transport Models -- Analytical Models -- Numerical Models -- Cross-Shore Transport Models -- Swart (1976) -- Vellinga (1983) -- Kriebel And Dean (1985) -- Balsillie (1986) -- Larson et al. (1988) -- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Method -- Braun Rule -- References -- D Sections Of National Flood Insurance Act Of 1968 -- Section 4001 (Section 1302 of Act) -- Section 4002 -- Section 4012 (Section 1305 of Act) -- Section 4102 (Section 1361 of Act) -- Section 4101 (Section 1360 of Act) -- Section 4121 (Section 1370 of Act) -- Section 4022 (Section 1315 of Act) -- Section 4102 (Section 1361 of Act) -- E Minority Opinion Of Robert L. Wiegel -- F Aftermath Of Hurricane Hugo -- G Biographical Sketches Of Committee Members -- Consultant -- Index.