Contents -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- I: Toward a New Interpretation of the Sceptics -- The Negative Side of Scepticism -- Standard Criticisms of the Sceptics -- The Positive Side of Scepticism: Mitigated Scepticism -- Moral and Religious Scepticism -- Scepticism as Anti-Realism -- Scepticism and Idealism -- Contemporary Anti-Realism -- Historiography and the Sceptics -- II: Greek Epistemology before the Rise of Scepticism -- Xenophanes -- Heracleitus -- Epicharmus -- Parmenides -- Zeno -- Empedocles -- Anaxagoras -- Summary -- III: The Rise of Scepticism -- The Sophists -- Democritus: Atomism, Idealism, and Equanimity -- Protagoras: Utility and Anti-Realist Truth -- Metrodorus and Anaxarchus: Idealism and Equanimity -- Socrates: Mitigated Scepticism -- The Megarians -- Monimus and Cynic Indifference -- The Cyrenaics: External Objects and Other Minds -- Plato -- The Rise of Scepticism -- IV: Early Pyrrhonism -- The Arguments for Early Pyrrhonism -- Pyrrhonism as a Practical Philosophy -- Equanimity and Indifference -- Appearances -- Pyrrhonism and Idealism -- The Consistency of Early Pyrrhonism -- Toward Later Pyrrhonism -- V: Scepticism in the Academy -- The Arguments for Academic Scepticism -- Academic Arguments, Probability, and Equal Opposition -- Academic Equanimity -- Arcesilaus and Natural Belief -- The Consistency of Arcesilaus' Outlook -- Arcesilaus and Sextus -- Carneades and Plausibility -- Cicero on the Plausible -- The Consistency of Carneades' Scepticism -- Carneades, Arcesilaus, and Pyrrho -- Philo, Metrodorus, and Cicero -- VI: Later Pyrrhonism -- The Arguments for Later Pyrrhonism -- The Problem of the Criterion -- Practical Affairs -- The Consistency of Later Pyrrhonism -- Pyrrhonean Anti-Realism -- The Standard Interpretations -- VII: Ancient Scepticism and Modern Epistemology -- Mental States.

Contemporary Anti-Realism -- The Sceptical Perspective -- Appendix: Flourishing Dates of Ancient Thinkers -- Bibliography -- Index Locorum -- Alcmaeon -- Aristotle -- Athenaeus -- Cicero -- Democritus -- Diogenes Laertius -- Empedocles -- Epicharmus -- Epictetus -- Euripides -- Eusebius -- Gellius -- Gorgias -- Heracleitus -- Hippolytus -- Lactantius -- Lucretius -- Marcus Aurelius -- Metrodorus -- Nausiphanes -- Parmenides -- Pausanias -- Philo of Alexandria -- Philostratus -- Photius -- Plato -- Plutarch -- Sextus Empiricus -- Simplicius -- Suidas -- Tertullian -- Theophrastus -- Xenophanes -- Xenophon -- Zeno -- General Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z.