Assessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THIS REPORT -- THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT AND MMS -- WHY MMS NEEDS SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATION -- A FRAMEWORK FOR ORGANIZING SOCIOECONOMIC STUDIES -- Identifying and Understanding Socioeconomic Effects -- What Information is Needed? -- REGIONAL PROGRAMS -- Atlantic -- Gulf of Mexico -- Pacific -- Alaska -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Goals -- Scientific Personnel -- Process -- 1 Introduction -- ACTIVITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF -- Management of OCS Activities -- Extent of the Leasing Program -- Environmental Concerns -- THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES PROGRAM -- Mandate -- Program History -- THIS REPORT -- PLANNING AND PROCUREMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES -- Development of a Studies Plan -- Implementation of Studies According to Lease Sale Schedules -- WHY MMS NEEDS SOCIOECONOMICS INFORMATION -- What Information is Needed? -- Criteria for Judging the Adequacy of Scientific Information -- Completeness -- Scientific Quality -- 2 The Human Environment -- THE COMPLEXITY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT -- THE SYMBOLIC NATURE OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT -- THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES PROGRAM -- RISK -- Environmental Gridlock Resulting from Differing Perceptions of Risk -- 3 A Framework for Organizing OCS Socioeconomic Studies -- IDENTIFYING AND UNDERSTANDING SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS -- OCS ACTIVITIES THAT CAN AFFECT THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT -- Description of OCS Activities -- Dimensions of Effects -- DISTRIBUTION -- PREDICTING THE RESPONSE -- Response Functions -- Response Sequences -- Response Rates -- IMPACT EVALUATION -- Evaluative Criteria -- Valuation Procedures -- Preferred Alternatives -- MITIGATION -- Mitigation Measures -- MONITORING -- Types of Monitoring -- Evaluation Research -- MANAGEMENT.

QUESTIONS AND ISSUES -- What Information is Needed -- Effects on Communities -- Effects on Other Local Users of the Ocean and Coastal Zone -- Effects on Local and State Governments -- Effects on Science and Local Scientists -- Individual Lease Sales -- Methods -- 4 Analysis of the Program -- ATLANTIC REGION -- GULF OF MEXICO REGION -- PACIFIC REGION -- ALASKA REGION -- Sociocultural Studies -- Economic Analyses: Description and Evaluation -- 5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Goals -- Scientific Personnel -- Process -- General Considerations -- References -- Appendix A COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND RESOURCES -- STAFF -- Appendix B THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT -- THE NATURE OF HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS -- SOME GENERAL OBSERVATIONS, ASSUMPTIONS, AND PRINCIPLES -- A FRAMEWORK FOR CONSIDERING POTENTIAL EFFECTS -- Activities That Can Affect the Human Environment at Particular Stages in OCS Development -- Prelease to Early Postlease -- Exploration -- Development -- Production -- Termination -- Dimensions -- Likelihood -- Magnitude -- Space -- Time -- Cumulative Potential -- Susceptibility to Mitigation -- Distribution of Effects -- REFERENCES -- Appendix C THE EVOLUTION OF THE FEDERAL OCS PROGRAM: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES -- NATIONAL OVERVIEW -- Historical Overview -- Federal Leasing, 1954-1978 -- Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Amendments of 19781 -- Implementing the 1978 Amendments: Conflict and Controversy -- REGIONAL VARIATIONS -- Gulf of Mexico Region -- Central and Western Gulf -- Nature and Extent of Development -- Public Response -- Illustrative Effects -- Eastern Gulf (Florida) -- Nature and Extent of Development -- Public Response -- Illustrative Effects -- Alaska -- Nature and Extent of Development -- Public Response -- Illustrative Effects -- Pacific Region -- South-Central California.

Nature and Extent of Development -- Public Response -- Illustrative Effects -- Central and Northern California -- Nature and Extent of Development -- Public Response -- Illustrative Effects -- Oregon and Washington -- Nature and Extent of Development -- Public Response -- Illustrative Effects -- Atlantic Region -- Nature and Extent of Development -- Public Response -- Illustrative Effects -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STUDIES TECHNICAL REPORTS ALASKA OCS REGION, MMS.