STAR 21 -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION: THE FUTURE ENVIRONMENT (CHAPTER 1) -- SYSTEM APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES (CHAPTER 2) -- Systems to Win the Information War -- Integrated Support for the Soldier -- Systems to Enhance Combat Power and Mobility -- Air and Ballistic Missile Defense -- Systems for Combat Services Support -- High-Payoff System Concepts -- TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS AND FORECASTS (CHAPTER 3) -- Long-Term Forecast of Research -- Computer Science, Robotics, and Artificial Intelligence TFA -- Electronics and Sensors TFA -- Optics, Photonics, and Directed Energy TFA -- Biotechnology and Biochemistry TFA -- Advanced Materials TFA -- Propulsion and Power TFA -- Advanced Manufacturing TFA -- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences TFA -- ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IMPORTANT TO THE ARMY (CHAPTER 4) -- TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY (CHAPTER 5) -- Strategic Focus for Technology Management -- Implementation Policy -- The Army's In-house R&D Infrastructure -- The Army's Concept-Based Requirements System (CBRS) -- IMPLICATIONS FOR FORCE STRUCTURE AND STRATEGY (CHAPTER 6) -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (CHAPTER 7) -- 1 Introduction -- STAR STUDY OBJECTIVES -- CHALLENGES FOR THE ARMY IN THE NEXT CENTURY -- The Defense Environment After Desert Storm -- Principal Influences on Technology in the Next Decades -- Number and Source of Future Technology Options -- The Changing Military Obligations of the Army -- Diminishing Funds for Advanced Technology -- Technology Program Consolidation -- Globalization of Commerce -- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THREATS -- CHARACTERISTICS THE ARMY WILL NEED -- A STAR VISION OF THE FUTURE -- 2 System Applications of Advanced Technologies -- INTRODUCTION -- SYSTEMS TO WIN THE INFORMATION WAR -- Key System to Win the Information War -- General Comments -- The Role of Sensors.

Sensor Placement -- Robot Vehicles for C3I/RISTA -- Communications -- Command and Control -- Battle Management -- IFFN -- Joint Operability -- Deception and Misinformation -- Information Management -- Space-Based Systems -- INTEGRATED SUPPORT FOR THE SOLDIER -- Key Systems for Soldier Support -- General Comments -- Combat Systems -- Weapons -- Navigation and IFFN -- Sensory Enhancement -- Smart Helmet -- Support Systems -- Personal Computers -- Multifunction Clothing -- Battlefield Medicine -- Countermeasures to CTBW -- Rations -- Robot Helper Systems -- SYSTEMS TO ENHANCE COMBAT POWER AND MOBILITY -- Key Systems for Combat Power and Mobility -- General Comments -- The Importance of Long-Range Transport Mobility -- Battle Zone Mobility Systems -- Ground Vehicle Drive Systems -- Road Building and Bridging -- Rotary Wing Aircraft and UAVs -- Advanced Armored Fighting Vehicle -- Antiarmor Weapons -- Brilliant Munitions to Attack Ground Targets -- Advanced Indirect-Fire Systems -- Directed Energy Weapons -- Mine and Countermine Operations -- Mine Improvements -- Countermine Operations -- Countering Enemy Air Defenses -- AIR AND BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE -- General Comments -- The Threat Systems -- Implications for Defense Systems -- Defense Architecture and Systems -- Technologies Applicable to Air and Missile Defense Elements -- SYSTEMS FOR COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT -- Health and Medical Support Systems -- Nonmedical Theater Support Systems -- Training Systems -- Simulation as a Training Technology -- Civic Assistance Training -- Simulation as a Research, Development, and Analysis Tool -- The Personnel System -- 3 Technology Assessments and Forecasts -- LONG-TERM FORECAST OF RESEARCH -- Scope of the Long-Term Forecast -- Management of Basic Research -- Major Multidisciplinary Trends -- Trend 1: The Information Explosion.

Trend 2: Computer-Based Simulation and Visualization -- Trend 3: Control of Nanoscale Processes -- Trend 4: Chemical Synthesis by Design -- Trend 5: Design Technology for Complex Heterogeneous Systems -- Trend 6: Materials Design Through Computational Physics and Chemistry -- Trend 7: Use of Hybrid Materials -- Trend 8: Advanced Manufacturing and Processing -- Trend 9: Exploiting Relations Between Biomolecular Structure and Function -- Trend 10: Applying Principles of Biological Information Processing -- Trend 11: Environmental Protection -- Discipline-Specific Trends -- COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AND ROBOTICS -- TFA Scope -- Technology Findings -- General Findings -- Integrated System Development -- Knowledge Representation and Languages -- Network Management -- Distributed Processing -- Human-Machine Interfaces -- Robotics -- Technologies to Monitor -- ELECTRONICS AND SENSORS -- TFA Scope -- Technology Findings -- General Findings -- Electronic Devices -- Data Processors -- Communications Systems -- Sensor Systems -- Summary Findings: High-Impact Electronic Technologies -- OPTICS, PHOTONICS, AND DIRECTED ENERGY -- TFA Scope -- Technology Findings -- General Findings -- Optical Sensor and Display Technologies -- Photonics and Optoelectronic Technologies -- Directed Energy Devices -- BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY -- TFA Scope -- Technology Findings -- General Findings -- Gene Technologies -- Biomolecular Engineering -- Bioproduction Technologies -- Targeted Delivery Systems -- Biocoupling -- Bionics -- Highest-Payoff Opportunities -- ADVANCED MATERIALS -- TFA Scope -- Technology Findings -- General Findings -- Resin Matrix Composites -- Ceramics -- Metal Technologies -- Energetic Materials -- PROPULSION AND POWER -- TFA Scope -- Technology Findings -- High-Power Directed Energy -- Propulsion Technologies -- Battle Zone Electric Power.

Energy Storage and Recovery -- ADVANCED MANUFACTURING -- TFA Scope -- Technology Findings -- General Findings -- Key Technologies -- Applications Important to the Army -- Issues in Manufacturing Technology -- ENVIRONMENTAL AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES -- TFA Scope -- Technology Findings -- General Findings -- Terrain-Related Technologies -- Weather-Related Technologies -- 4 Advanced Technologies of Importance to the Army -- SELECTION OF MOST IMPORTANT TECHNOLOGIES -- The Selection Process -- Selected Technologies -- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS FROM THE SELECTION PROCESS -- ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR NOTIONAL SYSTEMS -- COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGY LISTS -- 5 Technology Management Strategy -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY -- General Statements -- Implementation Actions -- FOCAL VALUES -- Affordability -- Reliability -- Low-Failure Electronic and Electromechanical Systems -- Improved Software Producibility -- Deployability -- Joint Operability -- Stealth and Counterstealth Capability -- Casualty Reduction -- Support Systems Cost Reduction -- FOCAL INTERESTS WITHIN THE HIGH-IMPACT FUNCTIONS -- Winning the Information War -- C3I/RISTA -- UAV-Borne Sensor Systems -- Space-Based Systems -- Integrated Support for the Soldier -- Combat Power and Mobility -- Long-Range Mobility -- Battlefield Mobility -- Lethal Systems -- Air and Ballistic Missile Defense -- Combat Services Support -- Health and Medical Support -- Simulation Technology -- THE ARMY'S R&D INFRASTRUCTURE -- Capability Centers -- Support for In-House Basic Research -- Improved In-House Laboratory Environment -- Exchanging R&D Information with Industry -- Attracting and Retaining Technological Talent -- Rapid Austere Prototyping -- Worldwide Technology Watch -- TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AND THE ARMY'S REQUIREMENTS PROCESS -- Implications of the New Environment for the Requirements Process.

Changing the Requirements Process -- Organizational Realignments -- The Requirements Process and Technology Management Strategies -- 6 Technology Implications for Force Structure and Strategy -- INTRODUCTION -- Background -- Levels of Technological Impact -- NEAR-TERM IMPACTS ON FORCE STRUCTURE AND STRATEGY -- The Demands of New Contingencies -- Anticipation of Enemy Responses to U.S. Successes in the Gulf -- The New Political and Economic Situation -- LONG-TERM IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON FORCE STRUCTURE AND STRATEGY -- Augmented Information Superiority -- Flexible Multitier Force Structure for Combat Power and Deployment -- Integrated Defense Against Next-Generation Air Threats -- The Evolving Role of Army Rotary Wing Capability -- Support and Maintenance Requirements -- Training Scope and Methodologies -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS -- The Environment -- High-Payoff Technologies and Systems -- Technology Management -- Force Structure and Strategy -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Comparison of Technology Lists -- STAR TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS LISTS -- ARMY TECHNOLOGY BASE: KEY EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES -- DEFENSE CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES -- NATIONAL CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix B Contributors to the STAR Study -- COMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE ARMY (STAR) -- Executive Committee -- Army Liaison Personnel to Executive Committee -- Integration Subcommittee -- Army Liaison Personnel to Integration Subcommittee -- Technology Management and Development Planning Subcommittee -- Science and Technology Subcommittee -- Army Liaison Personnel to Science and Technology Subcommittee -- Senior Technical Council -- Technology Groups of the Science and Technology Subcommittee -- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Group -- Army Liaison Personnel -- Advanced Materials Technology Group.

Army Liaison Personnel.