Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- The Policy Environment -- Nurturing Diversity -- Diversifying Innovation -- Divining the Trade Options -- 1. Policy -- The Growing Importance of Plant Biodiversity -- The Changing Role of Intellectual Property -- The Place of Innovation -- The Human Context -- Different Viewpoints -- 2. Plants -- Plant Genetic Erosion -- National Conservation Strategies -- International Strategies -- The Convention on Biological Diversity -- Different Viewpoints -- 3. People -- Community Innovation -- National (Public and Private) Innovation -- 4. Patents -- GATT and Agricultural Biodiversity -- The Patent Option -- The UPOV Option -- Sui Generis Possibilities -- The Special Case of International Centres -- Different Viewpoints -- Appendices -- 1. A Brief Chronology of the Patent Debate in the North -- 2. The Biodiversity Convention -- 3. TRIPS - Trade-Related IP -- 4. National-International Seed Enterprises: Perspective from the Private Sector -- 5. Comparison of Main Provisions of PBR under UPOV 1978 and 1991, and Patent Law -- 6. Patents on Plants -- 7. Trade Secrets and Material Transfer Agreements -- Glossary -- Acronyms -- Bibliography.