Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 The History of Interpretation -- Byzantine Precedents -- The Sixteenth Century -- Modern Interpretations -- 2 The Apologists' Attack on Greek Art: History and Literature -- The Historical Setting -- Literary Connectors -- Dramatis Personae and Their Roles -- Literary Characteristics of the Genre and the Attack on Art -- 3 The Content of the Attack on Greek Art -- Atheism -- Cult -- Mimesis -- Antianthropomorphisms (and Euhemerism) -- Aniconic Societies -- Hylotheism -- Superstition -- Sexual Misconduct -- Summary -- 4 The Emperor's Image -- Mark 12:13-17 -- Apocalyptic Literature -- Apologies -- Judicial Cognitio -- 5 Christianity Before 200: Invisibility and Adaptation -- Christians: An Invisible Group in Greco-Roman Society -- Christianity and Greco-Roman Art: Selective Adaptation -- Shepherd Lamps -- Conclusions -- Appendix 5.1 Are Bellori 3.29 and Wulff 1224 the Same Lamp? -- 6 The Earliest Christian Art -- The Callistus Christians and Their Officina -- The Oldest Burial Nuclei at Callistus -- Ceilings -- Composition -- Iconography -- Style -- Walls -- Composition -- Iconography -- Style -- Attitudes toward Art -- Appendix 6.1 Christians in the Piazzuola beneath San Sebastiano -- Appendix 6.2 Painting in the Randanini and Torlonia Catacombs -- 7 Invisible Divinity and Visible Religion -- Deum Uidere -- Tekmeria Theou: Early Christian Fresco Painting -- Visible Religion -- A New Synthesis -- Selected Bibliography -- Illustration Credits -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z.