Coal -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THE DOE COAL PROGRAM -- STRATEGIC PLANNING -- POWER GENERATION -- Technology Development -- CLEAN FUELS FROM COAL -- SYSTEMS ANALYSIS -- EPACT -- REFERENCES -- PART I Strategic Planning for Coal -- 1 Introduction and Scope of the Study -- THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 1992 -- STUDY SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES -- THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH -- COAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- Private Sector Activities -- International Activities -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- REFERENCES -- 2 Overview of U.S. Department of Energy Programs and Planning -- MAJOR TRENDS IN THE DOE COAL PROGRAM -- THE DOE COAL PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND BUDGET -- Fossil Energy Research and Development -- CCT Program -- DOE'S STRATEGIC PLANNING -- The Department of Energy Strategic Plan -- Clean Coal Technologies Research, Development, and Demonstration Program Plan -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 3 Trends and Issues for Future Coal Use -- DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL MARKETS -- Overview of Coal Markets -- Markets for Coal Utilization Technology -- COAL USE FOR DOMESTIC ELECTRICITY GENERATION -- Changing Structure of the Electric Utility Industry -- Introduction of New Technology -- The Availability of Coproducts -- Projected Electricity Requirements -- Energy Sources for Power Generation -- Coal -- Natural Gas -- Liquefied Natural Gas -- Oil -- Nuclear Power -- Renewable Energy -- COAL USE FOR LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS -- Resource Base for Petroleum and Bitumen -- OTHER USES OF COAL -- ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FOR COAL USE -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 4 The Strategic Planning Framework -- BASELINE STRATEGIC PLANNING SCENARIOS -- ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS -- Near-Term -- Mid and Long-Term -- SCENARIO IMPLICATIONS FOR RDD&C PLANNING -- ADDITIONAL CRITERIA TO SET NATIONAL COAL RDD&C PRIORITIES -- General criteria -- Economic criteria.

Environmental criteria -- The DOE role -- REFERENCES -- PART II Overview of Current DOE Coal Programs -- 5 Coal Preparation, Coal-Liquid Mixtures, and Coalbed Methane Recovery -- COAL PREPARATION -- Description of Technology -- Development History -- State of the Art -- Current Programs -- Technical Issues, Risks, and Opportunities -- Findings -- COAL-LIQUID MIXTURES -- Background -- Development History -- State of the Art -- Current Programs -- Findings -- COALBED METHANE RECOVERY -- Background -- State of the Art -- Current Programs -- Issues, Risks, and Opportunities -- Findings -- REFERENCES -- 6 Clean Fuels and Specialty Products from Coal -- GASIFICATION OF COAL -- Background -- State of the Art -- Gasification Technology and IGCC Performance -- Technical Issues and Opportunities -- Current Programs -- PRODUCTS FROM COAL-DERIVED GAS -- Hydrogen Production -- Synthetic Natural Gas Production -- Liquid Products from Synthesis Gas -- Methanol -- Methanol-Derived Fuels -- F-T Synthesis -- PRODUCTS FROM DIRECT LIQUEFACTION AND PYROLYSIS OF COAL -- Direct Liquefaction -- Background -- State of the Art -- Current Programs -- Technical Issues, Risks, and Opportunities -- Coal Pyrolysis -- COAL REFINERIES AND COPRODUCT SYSTEMS -- Cogeneration -- Indirect Liquefaction -- Direct Liquefaction -- Current Programs -- FINDINGS -- Coal Gasification Technology -- Gaseous Products -- Liquid Fuels from Coal -- Coal Refineries and Coproduct Systems -- REFERENCES -- 7 Electric Power Generation -- PULVERIZED COAL SYSTEMS -- Background -- State of the Art -- Current Programs -- Advanced Pulverized Coal -- Indirectly Fired Cycle -- Direct Coal-Fired Heat Engines -- Technical Issues, Risks, and Opportunities -- Findings -- FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION -- Background -- State of the Art -- Current Programs -- Technical Issues, Risks, and Opportunities -- Findings.

INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COMBINED-CYCLE SYSTEMS -- Background -- State of the Art -- Technical Issues, Risks, and Opportunities -- Current Programs -- Findings -- INTEGRATED GASIFICATION FUEL CELL SYSTEMS -- Background -- State of the Art -- Technical Issues, Risks, and Opportunities -- Current Programs -- Findings -- MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC POWER GENERATION -- Background -- State of the Art -- Technical Issues, Risks, and Opportunities -- Current Programs -- Findings -- COMBUSTION TURBINES -- Background -- State of the Art -- Technical Issues, Risks, and Opportunities -- Current Programs -- Findings -- EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES -- Background -- State of the Art -- Technical Issues, Risks, and Opportunities -- Current DOE Programs -- Findings -- REFERENCES -- 8 Technology Demonstration and Commercialization -- COMMERCIALIZATION ISSUES -- CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM -- ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS -- Advanced Emission Control Systems -- Integrated Gasification combined-cycle -- Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Combustion -- Direct-Fired Systems -- Indirectly-Fired Systems -- Advanced Pulverized Coal Systems -- Fuel Cells -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- Additional CCT Solicitations -- International CCT Initiative -- ADVANCED FUEL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS -- FINDINGS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Advanced Research Programs -- PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND BUDGETS -- THE ROLE OF ADVANCED RESEARCH -- DOE Perspective -- The Committee's Perspective -- COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION -- COAL CONVERSION AND CATALYSIS -- MATERIALS -- General Comments -- Advanced Gas Turbines -- Heat Exchangers -- Membranes -- FINDINGS -- REFERENCES -- PART III Recommendations for DOE's Future Coal Program -- 10 Conclusions and Recommendations -- STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR COAL -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- COAL PREPARATION, COAL-LIQUID MIXTURES, AND COALBED METHANE RECOVERY.

Conclusions -- Recommendations -- ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION -- Power Generation Systems -- Efficiency and Cost Targets -- Group I Systems -- Group 2 and 3 Systems -- Magnetohydrodynamics -- Emissions Control Technologies -- Targets -- Technology Development Needs -- Conclusions -- Power Generation Systems -- Emissions Control Technologies -- Recommendations -- Power Generation Systems -- Emissions Control Technologies -- CLEAN FUELS AND SPECIALTY PRODUCTS FROM COAL -- Coal Gasification -- Products from Coal-Derived Gas -- Hydrogen Production -- Synthetic Natural Gas Production -- Methanol from Syngas -- Liquid Hydrocarbons from Syngas (Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis) -- Products from Direct Liquefaction and Pyrolysis of Coal -- Direct Coal Liquefaction by Hydrogenation -- Direct Coal Liquefaction by Pyrolysis -- Coal Refineries and Coproduct Systems -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY STUDIES -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- ADVANCED RESEARCH PROGRAMS -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 1992 (EPACT) -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIXES -- APPENDIX A Project Description Strategic Assessment of DOE's Coal Program -- INTRODUCTION -- TITLE XIII COAL -- TITLE XX GENERAL PROVISIONS -- REDUCTION OF OIL VULNERABILITY -- PROPOSED ACTIVITY -- ANTICIPATED RESULTS -- APPENDIX B The Energy Policy Act of 1992 -- TITLE XIII-COAL -- Subtitle A-Research, Development, Demonstration, and Commercial Application -- Subtitle B-Clean Coal Technology Program -- Subtitle C-Other Coal Provisions -- TITLE XX--GENERAL PRO VISIONS -- REDUCTION OF OIL VULNERABILITY -- Subtitle A--Oil and Gas Supply Enhancement -- APPENDIX C DOE Budget Data -- APPENDIX D Environmental Issues Affecting Coal Use -- Air Quality Standards.

Sulfur Dioxide -- Particulate Matter -- Nitrogen Dioxide -- Ozone -- Acid Deposition -- Air Toxics -- Global Warming -- Water Quality Standards -- Solid and Hazardous Wastes -- Externalities and Siting Issues -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX E Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Projects -- APPENDIX F Committee Meetings and Activities -- APPENDIX G Biographical Sketches of Committee Members -- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF -- Glossary and Conventions -- COST OF COAL CONVERSION PROCESSES -- ECONOMIC CONVENTIONS -- THERMAL EFFICIENCY -- Index.