Space Studies Board Annual Report 1995 -- Copyright -- From the Chair -- Contents -- 1 Charter and Organization of the Board -- THE ORIGIN AND FOUNDING CHARTER OF THE SPACE SCIENCE BOARD -- THE 1988 REORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD-THE SPACE STUDIES BOARD -- MAJOR FUNCTIONS -- Oversight of Space Research Disciplines -- Interdisciplinary Studies -- International Representation and Cooperation -- Advisory Outreach -- ORGANIZATION -- The Space Studies Board -- Internal Committees of the Board -- Discipline Committees -- Project on the Future of Space Science -- Task Groups -- 2 Activities and Membership -- SPACE STUDIES BOARD -- Membership of the Space Studies Board -- COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS -- JOINT COMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY FOR SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS -- COMMITTEE ON ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS -- CAA Membership -- COMMITTEE ON EARTH STUDIES -- CES Membership -- COMMITTEE ON HUMAN EXPLORATION -- COMMITTEE ON MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH -- CMGR Membership -- COMMITTEE ON PLANETARY AND LUNAR EXPLORATION -- COMPLEX Membership -- COMMITTEE ON SPACE BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE -- CSBM Membership -- COMMITTEE ON SOLAR AND SPACE PHYSICS -- CSSP Membership -- PROJECT ON THE FUTURE OF SPACE SCIENCE -- FOSS Steering Group -- FOSS-SG Membership -- FOSS Task Group on Alternative Organizations -- FOSS-AO Membership -- FOSS Task Group on Research Prioritization -- FOSS-RP Membership -- FOSS Task Group on Technology -- FOSS-T Membership -- TASK GROUP ON BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SPACE RADIATION -- TGBESR Membership -- TASK GROUP ON PRIORITIES IN SPACE RESEARCH -- TGPSR Membership -- TASK GROUP ON THE BMDO NEW TECHNOLOGY ORBITAL OBSERVATORY -- TGBNTOO Membership -- TASK GROUP ON GRAVITY PROBE B -- TGGPB Membership -- 3 Summaries of Major Reports -- 3.1 A STRATEGY FOR GROUND-BASED OPTICAL AND INFRARED ASTRONOMY -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.

3.2 MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE 1990S -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SCOPE OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE SCIENCE PROGRAM -- General Priorities -- Areas Recommended for Emphasis -- Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena -- Combustion -- Biological Sciences and Biotechnology -- Materials Science and Processing -- Microgravity Physics -- GENERAL SCIENTIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH -- FLIGHT OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES -- ADMINISTRATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3.3 REVIEW OF GRAVITY PROBE B -- SUMMARY -- BACKGROUND -- SCIENTIFIC MOTIVATION -- CONCLUSIONS -- Scientific Importance -- Technical Feasibility -- Comparison with Other Proposed Programs -- 3.4 EARTH OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE: HISTORY, PROMISE, AND REALITY -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- EARTH SCIENCE FROM SPACE AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE MISSION TO PLANET EARTH -- MISSION TO PLANET EARTH AND THE U.S. GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH PROGRAM -- APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS -- SMALLER SATELLITES AND EARTH PROBES -- EARTH SYSTEM MODELING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS -- ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES -- THE ORGANIZATION OF CIVIL EARTH OBSERVATIONS PROGRAMS -- REFERENCES -- 3.5 A SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT OF A NEW TECHNOLOGY ORBITAL TELESCOPE -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- 3.6 MANAGING THE SPACE SCIENCES -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- 3.7 THE ROLE OF SMALL MISSIONS IN PLANETARY AND LUNAR EXPLORATION -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- 3.8 SETTING PRIORITIES FOR SPACE RESEARCH: AN EXPERIMENT IN METHODOLOGY -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- 3.9 A SCIENCE STRATEGY FOR SPACE PHYSICS -- SUMMARY -- THE KEY TOPICS IN SPACE PHYSICS RESEARCH -- Mechanisms of Solar Variability -- The Physics of the Solar Wind and the Heliosphere -- The Structure and Dynamics of Magnetospheres and Their Coupling to Adjacent Regions -- The Middle and Upper Atmospheres and Their Coupling to Regions Above and Below.

Plasma Processes That Accelerate Very Energetic Particles and Control Their Propagation -- RECOMMENDED RESEARCH EMPHASES -- 4 Short Reports -- 4.1 ON NASA FIELD CENTER SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS -- 4.2 ON A SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT FOR A THIRD FLIGHT OF THE SHUTTLE RADAR LABORATORY -- Overview Comments -- Individual Disciplines -- Final Comments -- 4.3 ON CLARIFICATION OF ISSUES IN THE OPPORTUNITIES REPORT -- 4.4 ON PEER REVIEW IN NASA LIFE SCIENCES PROGRAMS -- Organizational and Administrative Issues for NASA Life Sciences Research -- Peer Review of Life Sciences Research -- 4.5 ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SCIENCE INSTITUTES -- 4.6 ON "CONCURRENCE" AND THE ROLE OF THE NASA CHIEF SCIENTIST -- 5 Cumulative Bibliography.