Contents -- Contributors -- ONE: Sentencing Reform -- Sentencing Reform in the United States -- Sentencing Reform outside the United States -- TWO: Sentencing Reform in the United States -- National Developments -- Sentencing Guidelines Are "Alive and Well" in the United States -- American Bar Association Adopts New Sentencing Standards -- Washington State -- Washington State: A Decade of Sentencing Reform -- Washington Prison Population Growth Out of Control -- Sentencing Policy in Washington, 1992-1995 -- Minnesota -- Minnesota's Sentencing Guidelines-Past and Future -- Prison Population Growing under Minnesota Guidelines -- Minnesota's Sentencing Guidelines-1995 Update -- Oregon -- Sentencing Reform in Oregon -- Oregon Guidelines, 1989-1994 -- Pennsylvania -- The Evolution of Pennsylvania's Sentencing Guidelines -- Pennsylvania's Sentencing Guidelines-The Process of Assessment and Revision -- North Carolina -- North Carolina Prisons Are Growing -- North Carolina Legislature Considers Sentencing Change -- North Carolina Legislature Adopts Guidelines -- North Carolina Prepares for Guidelines Sentencing -- North Carolina Avoids Early Trouble with Guidelines -- Delaware -- Sentencing Reform in Delaware -- Voluntary Guidelines Effective in Delaware -- Other States -- Sentencing Reform in Colorado-Many Changes, Little Progress -- Utah's Conjoint Guidelines for Sentencing and Parole -- Kansas Adopts Sentencing Guidelines -- Ohio Adopts Determinate Sentencing -- Massachusetts, Missouri, and Oklahoma Establish Sentencing Commissions -- THREE: Sentencing Reform outside the United States -- Prison Populations in Western Europe -- England -- New Sentencing Laws Take Effect in England -- England Repeals Key 1991 Sentencing Reforms -- England Abandons Unit Fines -- Punitive Policies and Politics Crowding English Prisons.

English Sentencing since the Criminal Justice Act 1991 -- Australia -- Sentencing Reform in Victoria -- Truth in Sentencing in New South Wales -- Sentencing and Punishment in Australia in the 1990s -- Other English-Speaking Countries -- Sentencing and Punishment in New Zealand, 1981-1993 -- Sentencing Reform in Canada -- Sentencing in South Africa -- Germany -- Germany Reduces Use of Prison Sentences -- Sentencing and Punishment in Germany -- Finland -- Success in Finland in Reducing Prison Use -- Sentencing and Punishment in Finland -- The Netherlands -- Sentencing and Punishment in the Netherlands -- Netherlands Successfully Implements Community Service Orders -- Other European Countries -- Sentencing in Switzerland -- Sentencing Reform in Sweden -- FOUR: Race and Sentencing -- Young Black Men and the Criminal Justice System -- Racial Disparities Getting Worse in U.S. Prisons and Jails -- Forty-Two Percent of Black D.C. Males, Ages Eighteen to Thirty-Five, under Criminal Justice System Control -- Fifty-Six Percent of Young Black Males in Baltimore Under Justice System Control -- Drug Policies Increasing Racial Disparities in U.S. Prisons -- Drug Policies Causing Racial and Ethnic Differences in Federal Sentencing -- Racial Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System -- One in Three Young Black Men Is Ensnared in the Justice System -- FIVE: Public Opinion and Sentencing -- American Attitudes about Punishment: Myth and Reality -- Survey Shows Alabamians Support Alternatives -- Delawareans Favor Prison Alternatives -- Pennsylvanians Prefer Alternatives to Prison -- Oregonians Support Alternatives for Nonviolent Offenders -- References -- Acknowledgments.