Front Matter -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- Content -- Part One: THEORY -- THE STUDY OF CRIME AND SOCIAL CONTROL IN ISRAEL: SOME THEORETICAL OBSERVATIONS -- Introduction -- Historical Roots -- The Institutionalization of Criminology -- The Study of Crime Trends -- The Therapeutic Model -- The Descriptive Pragmatic Approach -- The Critical Evaluation of Correctional Practices -- The Analysis of Social Dimensions -- Criminological Discourse in Israel -- Suggested Lines of Inquiry -- Notes -- References -- PATTERNED DEVIANCE -- The Etiology of Patterned Deviance -- Attitudes and Behavior toward Formal Norms in Israel -- The Elusive Legitimacy of Authority -- References -- CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN ISRAEL Gad J. Bensinger -- Historical Considerations -- Constitutional and Governmental Considerations -- The Legislature -- The Executive Branch -- The Government -- The President -- The Judiciary -- The Scope and Nature of Crime in Israel -- Drug Abuse and Control -- Juvenile Delinquency, Abuse, and Neglect -- The Israel National Police -- The Judicial System -- Magistrates' Courts -- District Courts -- The Supreme Court -- The Quality of Justice -- The Corrections System -- Conclusion -- References -- Part Two:THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY OF CRIME IN ISRAEL -- CRIMINAL STATISTICS -- Types of Statistics -- Definitions -- Offenses -- Property -- Robbery -- Violence -- Drugs -- Offenders -- Case Attrition -- Victimization Surveys -- Conclusion -- References -- JUVENILE DELINQUENCY -- Definitions -- Age -- a. Minimum -- b. Maximum -- Police -- Juvenile Court -- Procedure -- Probation -- a. Lawbreaking -- b. Supervision cases -- c. Follow-up -- d. Minor victims -- Scope and Trend of the Problem -- Prevention -- Arabs, History and Trends -- References.

CRIMES OF VIOLENCE IN ISRAEL: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVES -- Introduction -- General Trends -- Stress Factors in Israeli Society -- Violent Crime and Significant Events in Israel's History -- Violent Crime and Social Stress: Some Empirical Evidence -- Objective Stress Factors -- Subjective Perception of Stress -- Social Heterogeneity and Violence -- Violence and Major Structural Conflicts in Israeli Society -- Internal Jewish-Arab Conflict -- The Conflict between Oriental and Western Jews -- The Conflict between Religious and Secular Jews -- The Conflict between the Political Left and Right -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- ORGANIZED CRIME IN ISRAEL -- The Israeli Approach to Organized Crime -- The Media and Commissions Era of Organized Crime in Israel -- The Scientific Era -- The New Era -- Notes -- References -- POLITICAL VIOLENCE: POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS AS A QUEST FOR JUSTICE -- Introduction -- Part One: Killing and Political Assassinations -- Historical Background -- Killing and Political Assassinations -- Characterization of Political Assassinations -- Timing -- Methodology -- General Historical Background -- Part Two: Political Assassination Events and their Interpretation -- Main Findings -- The Prestate Underground Jewish Groups and Political Assassination Events -- The Reasons Given for Politilcal Assassination Events: Squealers, Traitors, and Revenge -- The Main Feature of Claim-Making: Treason and Vengeance -- An Integrative Criminological Interpretation: Justice, Vilification, Deviantization and Strangerization. -- Alternative System of Justice -- Justice, Collaboration, and Treason -- Vilification, Deviantization, and Strangerization -- The Pattern before and after 1948 -- Some Comparisons: Prevalence and Generalizability -- Summary -- Postscript: The Assassiniltion of Yitzhak Rabin -- Notes -- References.

Part Three: LAW AND LAW ENFORCEMENT -- CRIMINAL LAW IN ISRAEL -- The Situation at the Time of the Establishment of the State -- Changes in the Criminal Law since the Establishment of the State -- Basic Principles of Criminal Law in Israel -- Criminal Law in Israel--The General Doctrines (Feller, 1984, 1987 -- Levy and Lederman, 1981) -- Specific Offenses -- Reform of Criminal Law -- The Preliminary and General Part of a New Penal Law -- The Principle of Legality -- The Principle of Culpability (Gur Arye, 1990) -- A Minimalistic Approach -- References -- POLICE AND POLICE REFORM IN ISRAEL: THE FORMATIVE ROLE OF THE STATE -- Methodologiccll Comments -- Two Views of Policing in Israel -- The Traditional Perspective -- A Critical Perspective -- The Formative Years: 1948-1958 -- Police Functions -- Order and Security Functions -- Educational and Formative Functions -- Border Police -- Police Role: Summary -- Structural Attributes -- Militarization and Centralization -- Border Police -- Mamlachtiut (Statism) -- Structural Attributes: Summary -- Reforms -- Police Reform -- The Nachmias Reform -- The Rozolio Reform -- The Shafir Reform -- General Reform Patterns -- Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Part 4: CORRECTIONS -- PUNISHMENT, PRISONERS' RIGHTS, AND PARDONS -- Punishment -- Prisoners' Rights -- Pardons -- References -- THE ISRAELI PRISON SYSTEM -- Historical Aspects -- Legal and Administrative Aspects -- Legal Aspects -- Administration of the Prison Service -- Disciplinary Offences -- Prison Facilities -- Prison Population -- General Population -- Human Services -- Psychiatry -- Treatment of Drug Dependents -- Social Work -- Education -- Employment -- Furloughs -- Work Release -- Population Reduction Strategies -- Early Releases -- Presidential Clemency -- Administrative Release -- Service Work for Prisoners -- Work for the Economy.

Community Work -- Operation, Supervision, Sanctions -- Extent of Use. -- Aftercare -- The Effectiveness of Incarceration -- Prospects for the Future -- Notes -- References -- JUVENILE AND ADULT PROBATION IN ISRAEL -- Background -- Juvenile Probation -- The Juvenile Probation Service -- Development of the Juvenile Probation Service -- Developments of the Juvenile Probation Ordinance in Israel -- Working Procedures of the Juvenile Probation Service -- The Probation Officer as Youth Interrogator -- Adult Probation -- Introduction -- Note -- References -- REHABILITATION EFFORTS IN THE ISRAEL PRISON SERVICE -- Introduction -- Declarations by the Israel Prison Service -- Organization for Rehabilitation -- General (Organizational) Arrangements -- Rehabilitation Services within the Prison -- Assessment and Classification -- Work -- Education -- Vocational Training -- Leisure Activities and Enrichment -- Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention and Treatment -- Rehabilitation through Religion -- Improvement of Conditions -- Volunteers -- Mental Health -- Preparation for Discharge -- Evaluative Discussion -- Importance -- Availability -- Utilization -- Satisfaction -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part 5: VICTIMOLOGY -- VICTIMOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ISRAEL: PAST AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVES -- Introduction -- Victim Surveys -- Victimization of Children -- Battered Women -- Sex Offenses -- Victimization of the Elderly -- Victirnization to Terrorisrn -- The Holocaust -- Discrimination, Victimization,and the Socio-Political Structure -- Religion -- Community -- Ethnicity -- Whither Victimological Research? -- "Moral Crusader" -- "National-Political" -- "Mundane" topics -- Notes -- References -- Part Six: DISCUSSION -- ASSESSING THE KNOWLEDGE-BASE TOWARD THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY -- Theory -- Epidemiology and Etiology of Crime -- Crime Statistics -- Juvenile Delinquency.

Violence -- Organized Crime -- Political Violence -- Law and Law Enforcement -- Criminal Law -- Police and Police Reform in Israel -- Corrections -- Victirnology and Victirnological Research in Israel -- Discussion -- Data -- Education -- Research -- Policy -- Notes -- References -- Back Matter -- CONTRIBUTORS -- Mirni Ajzenstadt -- Menachern Arnir -- Gad J. Bensinger -- Nachrnan Ben-Yehuda -- Robert R. Friedrnann -- Yael Hassin -- Menachem Horovitz -- Chanoch Jacobsen -- Mordechai Kremnitzer -- Simha F. Landau -- Giora Rahav -- Leslie Sebba -- Gavriel Shavitt -- Leon Sheleff -- Yochanan Wozner -- Erella Shadmi -- INDEX -- Back Cover.