PREFACE -- FIGURES AND TABLES -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- GLOSSARY -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PLACE OF STANDARDS -- WHAT MAKES A STANDARD STANDARD? -- THE POTENTIAL IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS -- LESSONS FROM FIVE CASE STUDIES -- STANDARDS FOSTER OPENNESS -- BUT STANDARDS HAVE TO SOLVE PROBLEMS, BOTH TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL, TO SUCCEED -- THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB HAVE SHIFTED THE FOCUS OF INTEROPERABILITY -- LIGHT STANDARDS CONTINUE TO DO BETTER -- BUT THE ENCAPSULATION OF THE REAL WORLD INTO STANDARD SEMANTICS IS LIKELY TO BE DIFFICULT -- THE EMERGING CHALLENGE OF COMMON SEMANTICS -- LET THE MARKET DECIDE -- HAVE DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES EACH DECIDE -- ASSUME INTELLIGENT SOFTWARE WILL MEDIATE AMONG VARIOUS VOCABULARIES -- DEVELOP STANDARD ONTOLOGIES INTO WHICH STANDARD TERMS ARE MAPPED -- CONCENTRATE ON THE KEY WORDS -- CODA -- STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS -- THE IETF -- ISO, ITU, AND ECMA -- THE WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM (W3C) -- THE WIRELESS ACCESS PROTOCOL (WAP) FORUM -- OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE -- A TYPOLOGY -- THE PLACE OF STANDARDS -- THE PATENT TRAP -- STANDARDS AS A POLICY TOOL -- NISTÌS EVOLVING ROLE -- FOR FURTHER RESEARCH -- CONCLUSIONS -- THE WEB AS WE KNOW IT -- HTML: THE HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE -- HYPERTEXT BEFORE THE WEB -- The World Wide Web Is Born -- And Then the Browser Wars Began -- JAVA -- The Java Strategy -- JavaÌs Formal Standardization -- CONCLUSIONS -- THE EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE -- XML AS A MARKUP LANGUAGE -- GETTING TO XML -- XML AND E-COMMERCE -- WHAT THE WORDS MEAN -- MANAGING PROLIFERATION -- XML AS A STANDARDS ABSORBENT -- HOW XML MAY FAIL -- Other Standards for E-Commerce May Arise -- Too Much Capital May Have Been Sunk into TodayÌs X12- and EDIFACT- Based EDI -- XML Is Still Too Complex -- It May Get Caught in the Browser Wars -- It May Get Caught in the Java Wars.

Sellers May Not Like Friction-Free Capitalism -- Trust, Not Standards, May Be the Problem -- CONCLUSIONS -- KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES -- THE CRISIS IN ACADEMIC PUBLISHING -- THE WAY OF THE LIBRARIAN -- THE SEARCH FOR STRUCTURE -- TAGGING INFORMATION WITH PROPERTY RIGHTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- CODA -- PAYMENTS, PROPERTY, AND PRIVACY -- PAYMENTS AND PROPERTY -- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) -- Digital Cash and Micropayments -- The Secure Digital Music Initiative -- Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) -- Cryptographic Codes -- Cryptographic Procedures -- PRIVACY -- Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) -- TRUSTe -- EU Directive on Data Protection -- CONCLUSIONS -- STANDARDS AND THE FUTURE VALUE CHAIN -- AGENTS AND BOTS -- STANDARDS -- ON THE MEANING OF -- BIBLIOGRAPHY.