Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- Preface -- 1 Child physical needs -- Child development theories -- The nature-nurture debate -- Genetic inheritance -- A healthy environment -- The need for protective care -- Protection from visible risks -- Accidental injury -- Non-accidental injury -- Protection from invisible (biological) risk -- Immunisation -- The need for food -- The need for temperature control -- The need for activity and rest -- Physiology knowledge in practice -- Scenario -- Extend your own knowledge -- 2 The skeletal system -- Embryology -- The changing skeleton -- Growth in height -- Genetic inheritance -- Hormones of growth -- Diet calcium for bone growth -- Exercise -- Nature-nurture -- Changes in bone due to exercise -- Strength -- Physical activity play -- Body shape changes -- Physiology knowledge in practice -- Scenario -- Extend your own knowledge -- 3 The nervous system -- Brain growth embryology -- Nerve growth -- The eye -- The ear -- Birth onwards -- The brain -- The nerves -- Reflexes -- Psychological maturation -- Neuromuscular control -- General functional areas -- Body location -- Sleep -- Temperature control -- Physiology knowledge in practice -- Scenario -- Extend your own knowledge -- 4 The cardiovascular system -- Heart embryology -- Foetal heart circulation -- Circulation changes in the heart at birth -- Changes in the cardiovascular system in childhood -- Exercise and cardiovascular function -- Blood pressure and exercise -- Children's blood -- Common blood tests -- Guthrie Test -- Routine diet supplement -- Vitamin K -- Physiology knowledge in practice -- Scenario -- Extend your own knowledge -- 5 The respiratory system -- Embryology -- Surfactant -- The lungs at birth -- The first few weeks -- Baby breathing -- Apnoea.

Respiratory resuscitation -- Assessment -- Action -- The small child's breathing -- Changes at puberty -- Respiration during exercise -- Sleep and breathing -- Development of the ear -- Physiology knowledge in practice -- Scenario -- Extend your own knowledge -- 6 The renal system -- Embryology -- The kidney and urine production at birth -- Fluid requirements in the first week -- Continence -- Bed wetting - enuresis -- Water balance -- Urine -- Collecting urine -- Observing urine -- Testing urine -- Dehydration -- Oral rehydration -- Over-hydration -- Replacement of body electrolytes by diet -- Physiology knowledge in practice -- Scenario -- Extend your own knowledge -- 7 The digestive system -- Embryology -- The mouth -- Physical assessment of the mouth -- Reflexes of the mouth and throat -- The stomach -- The gut -- Weaning -- Failure to thrive -- Too little in -- Failure to utilise nutrients -- Too much out -- Calorie needs as basic metabolic rate (BMR) changes -- Teeth -- Liver maturation -- Physiological jaundice -- Bowels -- Babies' stools -- Physiology knowledge in practice -- Scenario -- Extend your own knowledge -- 8 The reproductive system -- Embryology -- Changes at birth -- Body composition and sex differences -- Body fat and sex differences -- Brown fat -- Changes in the reproductive system at puberty -- Secondary sexual characteristics in male and female -- Ovary cycle -- Menstrual cycle -- Exercise and secondary amenorrhea -- Physiology knowledge in practice -- Scenario -- Extend your own knowledge -- 9 The immune system -- Protection from micro-organisms -- Acquisition of immunity -- Lymphocyte development -- B cells -- Embryology of the thymus gland and T lymphocyte development -- Lymph vessel development -- Lymphocytes in the foetus and new born -- Stress -- Chronic stress hormones -- Immunisation.

Points of interest when vaccinating children -- The future -- Physiology knowledge in practice -- Scenario -- Extend your own knowledge -- 10 Coordinating the systems -- Thyroid gland effect in growth -- Screening -- Foetal growth -- The school-aged child -- The five year old -- The seven to eight year old -- The eleven to twelve year old -- The fourteen year old -- Vision -- Hearing -- Weight -- Height -- The role of the thyroid in all tissue development -- Thyroid hormones -- The importance of the hypothalamus in linking the physical with the psychological person -- The happiness factor -- Physiology knowledge in practice -- Scenario -- Extend your own knowledge -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index.