PREFACE -- TABLES -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ACRONYMS -- Chapter One INTRODUCTION -- RECENT EXAMPLES OF TOXIC WARFARE -- THE UBIQUITY OF RAW MATERIALS FOR TOXIC WEAPONS -- THE IMPACT OF TOXIC WEAPONS -- ABOUT THIS REPORT -- Chapter Two WHAT ARE TOXIC WEAPONS? -- THE COMPONENTS OF TOXIC WARFARE -- SOURCES OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES -- THE IMPACT OF TOXIC WARFARE -- Chapter Three RECENT USE OF AND THINKING ABOUT TOXIC WEAPONS -- POISONING WITH CHEMICALS, SEWAGE, AND PESTICIDES -- The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict -- CHEMICALS, GASES, AND SMOKE -- Bosnia -- Croatia -- Sri Lanka -- Chechnya and Russia -- TRENDS IN TOXIC WARFARE: ESCALATION OF USE, INCREASED SOPHISTICATION, EXOTIC COMBINATIONS -- Al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden -- The ELN and FARC -- LTTE Sea and Land Attacks -- RAISING THE LEVEL OF VIOLENCE? -- Chapter Four TOXIC THREATS IN EXPEDITIONARY SETTINGS -- U.S. OPERATIONS AND TOXIC WARFARE IN THE 1990S -- U.S. THINKING ABOUT TOXIC THREATS -- REMAINING ISSUES FOR EXPEDITIONARY OPERATIONS -- Chapter Five TOXIC THREATS IN THE UNITED STATES -- AREAS OF VULNERABILITY -- STEPS FOR PROTECTING THE UNITED STATES FROM AND RESPONDING TO TOXIC WARFARE -- ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED -- FINAL THOUGHTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY.