TABLE OF CONTENTS -- FRONT -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Partners -- Users guide -- 1. WORLD VIEW -- Introduction -- Goal, targets, and indicators for the Millennium Development Goals -- Tables -- 1.1 Size of the economy -- 1.2 Millennium Development Goals: eradicating poverty and improving lives -- 1.3 Millennium Development Goals: protecting our common environment -- 1.4 Millennium Development Goals: overcoming obstacles -- 1.5 Women in development -- 1.6 Key indicators for other economies -- Text figures, tables, and boxes -- 1a Faster growth, less dispersion among developing economies in the last decade -- 1b Growth accelerated in low- and middle-income countries -- 1c Poor developing countries are not systematically catching up with richer ones -- 1d Countries that opened up to trade also performed better on growth -- 1e Price inflation dropped in most developing countries in the last decade -- 1f The worst growth performers have much higher costs to start a business -- 1g Best and worst growth performers in annual per capita GDP growth, 1995-2005 -- 1h The number of poor people declined, mostly in East Asia and Pacific -- 1i Poverty rates are on the decline in South and East Asia -- 1j Inequality has increased in many countries, with or without growth -- 1k Changes in income growth and distribution both affect poverty reduction -- 1l Poverty reduction and per capita income growth performances are correlated -- 1m The worst poverty reduction performers record very poor income growth -- 1n Best and worst poverty reduction performers -- 1o Under-five mortality rates have improved almost everywhere -- 1p The proportion of births attended by skilled staff increased greatly in many countries -- 1q Countries with high initial mortality rates progress more slowly.

1r Under-five mortality reduction performance is associated with good growth performance -- 1s Important synergies between health- and education-related Millennium Development Goals -- 1t Performance in maternal health and under-five mortality are associated -- 1u Best and worst performers in reducing child mortality -- 1v Most countries are progressing in primary school completion -- 1w The number of countries with large gender disparity gaps in school is falling rapidly -- 1x Countries starting from low levels progress faster in primary school completion -- 1y Countries starting from low levels improve gender parity more rapidly -- 1z The worst gender parity performance is associated with poor school completion performance -- 1aa The worst performers on school completion were poor growth performers -- 1bb Best and worst primary school completion performers -- 1cc More than a billion people still lack access to safe drinking water -- 1dd Carbon dioxide emissions are mounting and accumulating in the atmosphere -- 1ee Access to water improved almost everywhere -- 1ff Growth and water access performance are not systematically associated -- 1gg Growth and carbon content reduction performance are correlated . . . -- 1hh . . . But not enough to claim that growth is good for mitigating growth in carbon emissions -- 1ii Best and worst water access performers -- 1.1a Developing countries produce slightly less than half the world's output -- 1.2a Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goals 1-5 -- 1.3a Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goals 6-7 -- 1.4a Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goal 8 -- 2. PEOPLE -- Introduction -- Tables -- 2.1 Population dynamics -- 2.2 Labor force structure -- 2.3 Employment by economic activity -- 2.4 Children at work -- 2.5 Unemployment -- 2.6 Poverty.

2.7 Distribution of income or consumption -- 2.8 Assessing vulnerability and security -- 2.9 Education inputs -- 2.10 Participation in education -- 2.11 Education efficiency -- 2.12 Education completion and outcomes -- 2.13 Education gaps by income and gender -- 2.14 Health expenditure, services, and use -- 2.15 Disease prevention coverage and quality -- 2.16 Reproductive health -- 2.17 Nutrition -- 2.18 Health risk factors and public health challenges -- 2.19 Health gaps by income and gender -- 2.20 Mortality -- Text figures, tables, and boxes -- 2a Child mortality has fallen in the past 25 years for countries at all incomes -- 2b Under-five mortality is 15 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries -- 2c Little reduction in risks for poor children -- 2d In Sierra Leone most deaths occur before age 5 -- 2e A child born in Denmark can expect to live to be 78 -- 2f A health gap becomes a life gap -- 2g Health inequalities by social, cultural, and geographic factors -- 2h Under-five mortality falls with rising income -- 2i Health inequalities in developing countries -- 2j Why do the poor receive and seek less healthcare than the rich? -- 2k Rich people use health services more than poor people -- 2l Some countries have reduced inequalities in use of professional healthcare in childbirth -- 2m Differences in healthcare spending contribute to global disparities -- 2n Where are healthcare workers hiding? -- 2o Public health spending benefits the rich most -- 2p Health shocks can push households into poverty -- 2.3a Lower wages and less rewarding employment opportunities mean higher risk of poverty for women -- 2.4a Child labor is an obstacle to education for all -- 2.6a Regional poverty estimates -- 2.12a Children from poorer families are less likely to complete their schooling.

2.14a Differences in healthcare expenditures contribute to global disparities in health outcomes -- 2.20a Under-five mortality rates improve as mothers' education levels rise -- 3. ENVIRONMENT -- Introduction -- Tables -- 3.1 Rural population and land use -- 3.2 Agricultural inputs -- 3.3 Agricultural output and productivity -- 3.4 Deforestation and biodiversity -- 3.5 Freshwater -- 3.6 Water pollution -- 3.7 Energy production and use -- 3.8 Energy efficiency and emissions -- 3.9 Sources of electricity -- 3.10 Urbanization -- 3.11 Urban housing conditions -- 3.12 Traffic and congestion -- 3.13 Air pollution -- 3.14 Government commitment -- 3.15 Toward a broader measure of savings -- Text figures, tables, and boxes -- 3a Agriculture's share in GDP-declining, but still more than a fifth in low-income economies -- 3b Agricultural productivity has increased, yielding more output for all -- 3c More people will experience water scarcity and water stress -- 3d Agriculture is the biggest consumer of water . . . -- 3e . . . and the least productive user -- 3f Irrigation has increased, demanding more water -- 3g Cereal yields have increased in most regions-East Asia has almost reached the high-income economies -- 3h Forested areas are shrinking in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa-recovering in East Asia -- 3i Agriculture accounts for a seventh of all greenhouse gas emissions -- 3j Less rain is falling in the Sahel, with dire consequences -- 3k Horn of Africa suffers floods after parching drought -- 3.1a What is rural? Urban? -- 3.2a Nearly 40 percent of land globally is used for agriculture -- 3.3a The five countries with the highest agricultural productivity -- 3.3b The 10 countries with the highest cereal yield in 2003-05-and the 10 with the lowest -- 3.5a The rural-urban divide in access to an improved water source.

3.6a Emissions of organic water pollutants declined in most countries from 1990 to 2003, even among the top emitters -- 3.7a Energy use per capita varies widely among the top energy users -- 3.8a High-income countries contribute more than half of global carbon dioxide emissions -- 3.8b The five largest contributors to carbon dioxide emissions differ considerably in per capita emissions -- 3.9a Coal is still the major source of electricity in all income groups, with low-income countries increasingly relying on this source -- 3.10a Population of the world's largest metropolitan areas in 1000, 1900, 2000, and 2015 -- 3.11a Selected housing indicators for smaller economies -- 3.12a The 15 economies with the most expensive gasoline-and the 15 with the cheapest, 2006 -- 4. ECONOMY -- Introduction -- Tables -- 4.a Recent economic performance -- 4.1 Growth of output -- 4.2 Structure of output -- 4.3 Structure of manufacturing -- 4.4 Structure of merchandise exports -- 4.5 Structure of merchandise imports -- 4.6 Structure of service exports -- 4.7 Structure of service imports -- 4.8 Structure of demand -- 4.9 Growth of consumption, investment, and trade -- 4.10 Central government finances -- 4.11 Central government expenses -- 4.12 Central government revenues -- 4.13 Monetary indicators -- 4.14 Exchange rates and prices -- 4.15 Balance of payments current account -- 4.16 External debt -- 4.17 Debt ratios -- Text figures, tables, and boxes -- 4a Developing economies increase their share of global output -- 4b Growth is accelerating in the low-income economies -- 4c Patterns of regional growth vary widely -- 4d Inflation is now less than 10 percent in all developing regions -- 4e Economies with high growth rates generally have lower rates of inflation -- 4f Top 10 economies with largest reserves -- 4g More reserves to cover debt.

4.3a Manufacturing continues to show strong growth in East Asia.