MILK CONSUMPTION AND HEALTH -- Contents -- Preface -- Plant Sterols and Plant Stanols in MilkProducts Used as Functional Foods:Effects on Cardiovascular RiskDiseases Prevention -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Plant Sterols and Plant Stanols -- 2.1. Nomenclature, Chemical Structures and Properties -- 2.3. Estimated Average Intakes of Phytosterols -- 2.4. Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases -- 2.4.1. Mechanisms of Cholesterolemia Reduction -- 2.4.1.1. Competition between Cholesterol and Phytosterols for MixedMicelles Solubilization -- 2.4.1.2. Phytosterols and Cholesterol Co-crystallization -- 2.4.1.3. Reducing Cholesterol Absorption via Competition with CholesterolTransporters -- 2.4.1.4. Inhibition of Enzymes Involved in Phytosterols Absorption Process -- 2.5. Hypocholesterolemic Comparison between Plant Sterolsand Stanols -- 2.6. Phytosterols Safety Use -- 3. Milk and other Dairy Products Enrichedwith Phytosterols -- 3.1. Legislation -- 3.2. Market of Phytosterols Enriched Foods -- 3.2.1. Authorized Foods -- 3.2.2. Market Characterization -- 3.3. Labelling -- 3.4. Intake Recommendations -- 3.5. Technological Aspects -- 3.5.1. Phytosterols Formulations -- 3.5.1.1. Esterified Phytosterols Formulations -- 3.5.1.2. Free Phytosterols Formulations -- 3.6. Phytosterols Alimentary Matrices -- 3.7. Phytosterols Analytical Methodologies -- 3.7.1. Sample Preparation -- 3.7.1.1. Solvent Extraction -- 3.7.1.2. Saponification -- 3.7.1.3. Unsaponifiable Fraction Extraction -- 3.7.2. Determination -- 3.7.2.1. Gas Chromatography Analysis -- 3.7.2.2. Liquid Chromatography Analysis -- 4. Conclusion -- 5. Future Perspectives -- References -- Kefir and Health: A Perception -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Production of Kefir -- Chemical Composition of Kefir -- Microbiological Characteristics -- Nutritional Composition -- Vitamin Content -- Protein Content.

Sugar Contents -- Mineral Content -- Therapeutic Characteristics -- Anticarcinogenic Effect -- Antibacterial Spectrum -- Effect on Immune System -- Anti-inflammatory -- Hypocholesterolemic Effect -- β-galactosidase Activity -- Gastrointestinal Proliferation -- Bacterial Colonization -- Anti-Diabetic Effect -- Antiallergic Properties -- Antioxidative Properties -- Effect on Lipid and Blood Pressure Level -- Protection against Apoptosis -- Conclusion -- Refrences -- Fouling Reduction during MilkProcessing UsingEquipment Surface Modification -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Plate Heat Exchanger Set-up -- Food Grade Surface Coatings -- Ni-P-PTFE Coatings -- LectrofluorTM-641 Coatings -- AMC148-18 Coatings -- Fouling Experimentation -- Statistical Analysis -- Analytical Characterization of Foulants -- Results -- Visual Inspection of Fouled Plated Surface -- Amount of Foulants Deposited -- Chemical Analysis of the Foulants -- Thermal Energy Savings during Skim Milk Pasteurization -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- Referentes -- Milk Fat/Sunflower Oil Blendsas Trans Fat Replacers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Milk Fat Stearin -- Equilibrium Solid Fat Content -- Thermal Behavior of HMF and the Blends -- Polymorphism of HMF and its Blends with SFO -- Rheological Properties of HMFand its Blends with SFO -- Crystallization of a Fat -- Induction Times of Crystallization -- Actual Solid Fat Content -- Microstructure -- Effects of Emulsifiers -- Effect of Emulsifiers on Induction Times -- Effect of Emulsifiers on Polymorphism -- Effect of Emulsifiers on Microstructure -- Effect of Emulsifiers on Rheology -- Conclusion -- References -- Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from BreastMilk for the Developmentof New Functional Foods -- Abstract -- Short Communication -- Traditional Ideas Revised -- Probiotics for Infants.

Isolation and Characterization of ProbioticBacteria from Human Breast Milk -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Probiotics in Maternal andEarly Infant Nutrition -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Microbiota Acquisition and Successionin the Newborn Intestine -- 3. Influence of the Intestinal Microbiotain host Physiology and Immunity duringthe Early Postnatal Period -- 3.1. Influence of the Intestinal Microbiota in Host Physiology andMetabolism -- 3.2. Influence of the Intestinal Microbiota in Host Immunity -- 4. Influence of the Mother's Dietand Environmental Exposuresin Fetal Programming and Infant's Health -- 5. Probiotic and Prebiotic Conceptsand Applications -- 6. Influence of Maternal and OffspringProbiotic Intake in Animals -- 7. Influence of Maternal and Infant ProbioticIntake in Humans -- 7.1. Influence of Maternal Probiotic Intake in the IntestinalMicrobiota of the Infants -- 7.2. Influence of Maternal and Infant Probiotic Intakein Child Health -- Conclusions and Further Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Epilactose: Potentialfor Use as a Prebiotic -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Biological Activities of Epilactose -- 1. In vitro Digestion Stability, Bifodogenetic Activity, TightJunction Permeability -- 2. Calcium Absorption in Small Intestine -- 3. Population of Cecal Bacteria -- 4. Organic acid Generation and Mineral Absorption -- 5. Levels of Cholesterols, Triglycerides, and Phospholipids -- 6. Levels of Primary and Secondary Bile Acids -- Conclusion -- Ackknowledgments -- References -- Lactoferrin as an Added-value WheyComponent and a Healthy Additive inNutraceutical Drinks -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Results -- Strategies for Delivery of Lf-Active Ingredient and to Increase Lf-Consumption in Foods -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Conjugated Linoleic Acid:An Anticancer Fatty Acid Foundin Milk and Meat -- Abstract.

Introduction -- CLA Isomers -- CLA Biosynthesis -- Ruminal Biohydrogenation -- Endogenous Synthesis -- CLA Content in Milk and Meat Products -- Factors Affecting CLA Content in Milk -- Pasture, Conserved Forages, and Grain -- Plant Oils and Seeds -- Marine Oils and Feeds -- Cow Management Systems -- Cow Breed, Age, and Individual Variation -- Synthetic CLA Supplements -- Dietary Factors Affecting CLA in Meat -- Pastures and Conserved Forages -- Plant Oils and Seeds -- Animal Breed and Management Strategies -- Processing Effects on CLA Contentof Milk and Meat -- Health Benefits of CLA -- Cancer Inhibition -- CLA and Body Energy Expenditure -- Body Composition -- Atherosclerosis -- CLA and Diabetes -- CLA and Immunity -- CLA and Bone Formation -- CLA Intake of Humans from Milk and Meat -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Beneficial effects of Human Milkand Prebiotic-Like Fermented InfantFormulas on the Intestinal Microfloraand Immune system -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Taxonomic Warning -- 1. Introduction: Impact of Mother's Milk -- 1.1. Epidemiologic Data -- 1.2. On the Intestinal Microflora -- 1.2.1. In Term Infants -- 1.2.2. In Preterm and/or very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants -- 1.3. On the Maturation of the Intestinal Immune System -- 1.4. Limits to Human Milk Bifidogenic Effect? -- 2. Putative Beneficial Effectsof Intestinal Bifidobacteria -- 2.1. Prevention and/or Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders -- 2.1.1. Viral Acute Gastroenteritis -- 2.1.2. Post-Antibiotic Diarrhea -- 2.1.3. Other Gastrointestinal Disorders -- 2.2. Immunomodulation and Prevention of Allergic Conditions(Food Allergy, Atopic Dermatitis, Celiac Disease) -- 3. Probiotics to Reproduce Human Milk Effects -- 3.1. On the Intestinal Microbiota Balance -- 3.1.1. Pre-Term Infants -- 3.1.2. Term Infants.

3.2. On the Maturation of the Intestinal Immune System andPrevention of Allergic Diseases -- 3.3. Safety Considerations and Conclusions -- 3.3.1. Pre-Term Infants -- 4. Prebiotics to Reproduce Human Milk Effects -- 4.1. On the Intestinal Microflora Balance -- 4.1.1. Pre-Term Infants -- 4.1.2. Term Infants -- 4.2. On the Maturation of the Intestinal Immune System andPrevention of Allergic Diseases -- 4.3. Safety Considerations and Conclusions -- 5. A New Approach to Mimic Human Milk Effects:Bifidobacterial Products Derived fromMilk Fermentation -- 5.1. Rationale for the Use of such Products (Mouse Models andIn Vitro Assays) -- 5.2. Effect of B. Breve C50 Milk Fermentation Products on AcuteDiarrhea -- 5.3. Effect of Bifidobacterium Breve C50 Milk FermentationProducts on the Intestinal Flora and Immune System of HealthyFull-Term Infants -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Index.