CONTENTS -- Editors -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Preface to AS Volume -- Relationship Between Activity of West Pacific Subtropical High and Diabatic Heating During Heavy Rain in South China in June 2005 Wang Lijuan, Guan Zhaoyong and Yan Chengyu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Datasets and Methods -- 2.1. Heating source calculation -- 2.2. Discussion on the complete vertical vorticity equation -- 3. Behavior of WPSH in June 2005 -- 4. Relationship between Spatial Distribution of Diabatic Heating and Location of WPSH -- 5. Effects of Vertical Variation of Diabatic Heating on WPSH Position -- 5.1. Effects of vertical variation of diabatic heating on the north and south of WPSH on its southward and northward movements -- 5.2. Effect of vertical variation of diabatic heating to the west of WPSH on its westward movement -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Lunar-Synodic Component in the East Asian Winter Monsoon Chi-Hua Wu and Wen-Shung Kau -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methodology -- 2.1. Data -- 2.2. The semi-permanent anticyclone and lunar-synodic month -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Clouds and circulation -- 3.2. Precipitation -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- August Rainfall in Korea and its Association with Circulations Kyung-Ja Ha and Kyung-Sook Yun -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Method -- 2.1. Data -- 2.2. Methodology -- 3. The Climate Change in July/August Rainfall -- 4. The Impacts of SST and Changes in Circulations -- 5. Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Changma and Shifting Peak in Summer Rainfall of Korea: ENSO Influence Kyung-Ja Ha, Sun-Seon Lee, P. N. Vinayachandran and Jong-Ghap Jhun -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. Climatology and Shift of Rainfall Peak -- 4. Linkage with SST and Circulation Change in La Ni˜na -- 4.1. Relationship between SST and rainfall.

4.2. Characteristics of circulation -- 5. Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Prediction of Regional Drought Over Korea Using an Analog Method Su-Bin Oh, Do-Woo Kim, Ji-Sun Lee, Hi-Ryong Byun and Ki-Seon Choi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spatiotemporal Pattern of Drought -- 2.1. Study area -- 2.2. E.ective drought index -- 2.3. Drought subregions -- 3. Experiments on the Drought Predictability using an Analog Method -- 3.1. Construction of drought code -- 3.2. Selection of subject cases -- 3.3. Selection of analogous cases -- 3.4. Results of experiment -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Decadal Changes in the Hadley Circulation Yongyun Hu and Chen Zhou -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methods -- 3. Results from Reanalysis Data -- 3.1. Poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation -- 3.2. Intensification of the Hadley circulation -- 4. Simulation Results -- 4.1. Results from AMIP simulations -- 4.2. Results from IPCC-AR4 simulations -- 5. Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Simulation of Record Rainfall Event Over Mumbai on 26 July, 2005 G. P. Singh, Jai-Ho Oh and H. K. Chaudhary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Model Descriptions and Experiment Design -- 3. Observed Synoptic Situation Over Mumbai -- 4. Model Results -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- The Leading Mode of Variability in the Indian Monsoon Region in the Absence of the ENSO Variability in the NCEP CFS Deepthi Achuthavarier and V. Krishnamurthy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 2.1. Model experiment -- 2.2. Analysis method -- 3. Results -- 4. Summary and Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Longitudinal Oscillations of the South Asian High and the Subtropical Western Pacific High During Boreal Summer Ling Zhang and Xiefei Zhi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methods.

3. Climatic Features of the SAH and SWPH in Summer -- 4. Interannual Variations of the SAH and SWPH in terms of their Longitudinal Locations -- 5. The Longitudinal Oscillation of the SAH and the SWPH and its Relation to Diabatic Heating Anomalies in July -- 5.1. Definition of the east and west patterns of the SAH and SWPH -- 5.2. Features of geopotential heights of the SAH and the SWPH for anomalous years -- 5.3. The relationship between the locations of the SAH and the SWPH and diabatic heating anomalies -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Singular Vector and ENSO Predictability in a Hybrid Coupled Model Xiaobing Zhou and Youmin Tang -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Hybrid Coupled Model and the Computation of Singular Vector -- 3. Result Analysis -- 3.1. Singular vector and predictability -- 3.2. Singular value and predictability -- 3.2.1. Interdecadal variations of singular values -- 3.2.2. Interdecadal variations of singular value and predictability -- 4. Summary and Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Study of Lightning Activity Over Indian Subcontinent H. S. Chaudhari, M. R. Ranalkar, Y. V. Kumkar, Jai Ho Oh and G. P. Singh -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methodology -- 3. Diurnal Variation of Lightning Activity -- 4. Latitudinal Variation of Lightning Activity -- 4.1. Winter season -- 4.2. Pre-monsoon season -- 4.3. Southwest monsoon season -- 4.4. Post-monsoon season -- 5. Seasonal Variation of Lightning Flash -- 6. Annual Variation of Lightning Activity -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Improving Neural Network Models for Forecasting Seasonal Precipitation in Southwestern Iran: The Evaluation of Oceanic-Atmospheric Indices Mohammad J. Nazemosadat, Peyman Setoodeh and Ali A. Safavi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data Preparation -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1. Building a forecast model.

3.2. Order identification -- 3.3. Model evaluation -- 3.4. Model fitting -- 3.4.1. ARX linear model -- 3.4.2. Neural network extension of ARX -- 3.5. Model optimization -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Order identification -- 4.2. Forecast models -- 4.3. Network optimization -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Land Surface Energy Budget Over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Data Yuichiro Oku and Hirohiko Ishikawa -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Retrieval Method -- 3. Result and Remarks -- References -- Long Term Variations in Temperature in Association with Convective Available Potential Energy in the Upper Troposphere Using Radiosonde Data Over Delhi (28.3.N, 77.1.E) and Kolkata (22.3.N, 88.2.E), India S. K. Dhaka, R. Sapra, V. Panwar, M. Kaur, A. Goel, T. K. Mandal and A. R. Jain -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 4. Summary and Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Impact of Climate Change on the East Asia Droughts Do-Woo Kim, Ki-Seon Choi, Ji-Sun Lee and Hi-Ryong Byun -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Models and Methodology -- 2.1. Models -- 2.2. Effective drought index -- 2.3. Study area -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Future precipitation climatology -- 3.2. Future drought climatology -- 3.2.1. Drought intensity -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Relationship between Summer Tropical Cyclone Genesis Frequency and Winter Aleutian Low Oscillation Ki-Seon Choi, Do-Woo Kim, Su-Bin Oh, Ji-Sun Lee and Hi-Ryong Byun -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methods -- 3. Relationship between Summer TCGF and Winter ALI -- 4. Differences between High ALI Years and Low ALI Years -- 4.1. Tropical cyclone genesis frequency (TCGF) -- 4.2. TC passage frequency (TCPF) -- 4.3. Environmental conditions -- 5. Summary and Conclusions -- References.

Geomorphic Influences on the Variability of Coastal Erosion and Deposition on Ambae Island, Vanuatu, Caused by Cyclone Funa in January 2008 James P. Terry -- 1. Introduction and Aims -- 2. Background and Study Area -- 3. Field Observations and Interpretation -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Stratospheric Ozone Climatology and its Variability Over Ankara Deniz Demirhan Bari, Ceyhan Kahya, Sema Topcu and Selahattin Incecik -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Location and data -- 2. Total Column Ozone Trends in the Region -- 2.1. Seasonal trends -- 3. Deviations from Mean -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Near Surface Atmospheric Methane Concentration at Suburban Environment of Guwahati by Differential Absorption Lidar System Manoj Saikia, Minakshi Devi and Ananda Kumar Barbara -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Site Environment -- 3. DIAL Principle -- 4. System Description and Specifications -- 5. Calibration -- 6. Methane Measurement and Results -- 7. Conclusions and Discussion -- References -- Source Apportionment Analysis of Measured Fine Particulate Matter in a Semi-Arid Urban Airshed in Corpus Christi, U.S.A Saritha Karnae and Kuruvilla John -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 2.1. Data acquisition -- 2.2. Cluster analysis of backward trajectories -- 2.3. Principal component analysis/absolute principal component scores (PCA/APCS) -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Analysis of PM2.5 episodes -- 3.2. Principal component analysis/absolute principal component scores (PCA/APCS) -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Multi-Scale Organization of Water Vapor Over Low and Mid-Tropical Africa Ondego Joel Botai, Venkataraman Sivakumar, Willem Ludwig Combrinck and Cornelis Johannes De Wet Rautenbach -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methodology -- 3. Results -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- References.

Aerosol Measurements Over South Africa Using Satellite, Sun-Photometer and Lidar Venkataraman Sivakumar, Melaku Tesfaye, Wondimu Alemu, Ameeth Sharma, Christoph Bollig and Gizaw Mengistu.