BIOMATERIALS DEVELOPMENTSAND APPLICATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CALCIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE-BASEDBIOCOMPOSITES AND HYBRID BIOMATERIALS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL INFORMATION ONCOMPOSITES AND BIOCOMPOSITES -- THE MAJOR CONSTITUENTMATERIALS OF BIOCOMPOSITES FORBIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS -- 3.1. Calcium Orthophosphates -- 3.2. Polymers -- 3.3. Inorganic Materials and Compounds (Metals, Ceramics, Glass, Oxides,Carbon, Etc.) -- CALCIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE-BASEDBIOCOMPOSITES AND HYBRID BIOMATERIALS -- 4.1. Biocomposites with Polymers -- Apatite-Based Biocomposites -- TCP-Based Biocomposites -- Other Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Biocomposites -- 4.2. Calcium Orthophosphate Cement-Based Biocomposites and Concretes -- 4.3. Nano-Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Biocomposites and Nano-Biocomposites -- 4.4. Biocomposites with Collagen -- 4.5. Biocomposites with Other BioorganicCompounds and Biological Macromolecules -- 4.6. Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS) -- 4.7. Biocomposites with Glasses, Inorganic Materials and Metals -- 4.8. Functionally Graded Biocomposites -- 4.9. Biosensors -- INTERACTION BETWEEN THE PHASES IN CALCIUMORTHOPHOSPHATE-BASED BIOCOMPOSITES -- BIOACTIVITY AND BIODEGRADATION OF CALCIUMORTHOPHOSPHATE-BASED BIOCOMPOSITES -- SOME CHALLENGES AND CRITICAL ISSUES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- NOMENCLATURE -- CALCIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE CEMENTSAND CONCRETES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CALCIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE CEMENTS -- 3. TWO MAJOR TYPES OF CALCIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE CEMENTS -- 3.1. Apatite Cements -- 3.2. Brushite Cements -- 4. VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE CEMENTS -- 5. BIORESORPTION AND REPLACEMENT OF THE CEMENTS BY BONES -- 6. THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- 7. REINFORCED CALCIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE CEMENT COMPOSITESAND CONCRETES -- 8. CLINICAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS -- 8.1. Dental Applications.

8.2. Craniofacial and Maxillofacial Applications -- 8.3. Orthopedic Applications -- 8.4. Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty Applications -- 8.5. Drug Delivery Applications -- 8.6. Brief Conclusions on the Medical Applications -- 9. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS -- 10. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- HYDROGELS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. STRUCTURE OF HYDROGELS IN RELATION TO THE FORMATIONCONDITIONS -- 2.1. General Features of Network Build-Up -- 2.2. Physical Polymer Hydrogels -- 2.3. Inter- and Intramolecular Crosslinking -- 2.4. Ways of Formation of Polymer Hydrogels -- 2.5. Special Features of Polymerization in Presence of Diluents. PhaseSeparation - Macrosyneresis vs. Microsyneresis -- 3. SWELLING AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGELS -- 3.1. Swelling Properties of Hydrogels -- 3.1.1. Equilibrium swelling -- Role of the interaction parameter χ -- Effect of degree of crosslinking -- Effect of dilution during network formation -- Swelling in Solvent vapors -- Effect of charged groups -- Swelling transitions - two crosslinked phases -- Multicomponent systems -- Condition for phase separation during network formation -- 3.1.2. Swelling under confined conditions -- 3.1.3. Other Important Issues -- 3.2. Mechanical Properties of Hydrogels -- 4. CONTACT LENSES -- 5. INTRAOCULAR LENSES -- 6. FUNCTIONAL IMPLANTS -- Hydrogels for Urinary Incontinence Treatment -- 7. BLOOD VESSEL EMBOLIZATION -- 8. WOUND DRESSINGS -- 8.1. Hydrogels Containing Radical Scavengers -- 8.2. Hydrogels as Cultivation Supports -- 9. CONDUCTIVE HYDROGELS FOR BIOMEDICAL USE -- 10. HYDROGELS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING -- REFERENCES -- BIOMATERIALS IN DENTISTRY AND MEDICINE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CLINICAL APPROACHES -- Reparative Reconstructive Surgery -- a. Biomaterials in reparative reconstructive surgery.

b. Factors governing the clinical performance of implantable biomaterials -- c. Approaches to improving device performance in reconstructive surgery -- Regenerative Medicine -- In vivo Tissue Regeneration -- a. Biocompatible, resorbable materials for in vivo tissue regenerative scaffolds -- b. Scaffold morphology -- c. Approaches to scaffold manufacture -- d. Scaffold functional requirements -- In vitro Tissue Regeneration -- CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- REFERENCES -- BIOMATERIALS IN BLOOD-CONTACTING DEVICES:COMPLICATIONS AND SOLUTIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BLOOD COMPONENTS INVOLVED IN HEMOSTASISAND THROMBOSIS -- 2.1. Platelets -- 2.2. Fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor -- 2.3. Clotting Factors and Coagulation -- 2.4. Blood Flow -- 2.5. Fibrinolysis -- 3. BLOOD-CONTACTING DEVICES AND MATERIALS -- 3.1. Polyurethane (PU) and Polyether Urethane (PEU) -- 3.2. Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) -- 3.3. Silicone Rubbers -- 3.4. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Fluorinated Ethylene-Propylene (FEP),and Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) -- 3.5. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) -- 4. BLOOD-MATERIALS INTERACTIONS -- 5. SURFACE MODIFICATION FOR IMPROVINGBLOOD COMPATIBILITY -- 5.1. Heparin -- 5.2. Hydrophilic Surfaces -- 5.3. Phosphorylcholine-Based Polymers -- 5.4. Zwitterionic Surfaces -- 5.5. Clot-Dissolving Surfaces -- 6.CONCLUSION -- REFERENCE -- BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF DENTAL AND MEDICALMATERIALS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOMATERIALS IN DENTISTRY AND MEDICINE -- Metallic Biomaterials -- Bioceramics -- Polymers -- Dental Materials -- Concluding Remarks -- REFERENCES -- ENHANCING REMINERALIZATION OF SUBSURFACEENAMEL LESIONS WITH FUNCTIONALIZED β-TCP -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. fTCP Preparation -- 2.2. Fluoride Bioavailability -- 2.3. Specimen Preparation and White-Spot Lesion Formation.

2.4. In Vitro pH Cycling Model for Remineralization Efficacy -- 2.5. Specimen Remineralization: Surface and Profile Microhardness -- 2.6. Fluoride Uptake: pH Cycling and Single Treatment Exposure -- 2.7. Statistics -- 3. RESULTS -- 3.1. Fluoride Bioavailability -- 3.2. In vitro Remineralization via pH Cycling: 500 ppm F -- 3.3. In Vitro Remineralization via pH Cycling: 950 and 5000 ppm F -- 3.4. In Vitro Fluoride Uptake: 500, 950 and 5000 ppm F -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- TRANSLATION OF EMERGING HYDROGELTHERAPIES: THE ROLE OF METROLOGY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- HYDROGEL FUNCTION -- Stimuli Sensitive Hydrogels -- Self-Assembling Hydrogels -- Molecule Selective Hydrogels -- THERAPY TRANSLATION -- METROLOGY NEEDS FOR PRODUCT TRANSLATION -- Attributes Affecting Safety & Effectiveness -- Protocols to Assess Safety and Effectiveness -- Sterility -- Toxicity -- Immune response -- Bioactive agent release -- Mechanical properties -- Osmotic stability -- Cell motility -- Setting time -- Degradation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- METAL ION RELEASE FROM THE BASE CO▪CR▪MO,NI▪CR, AND NOBLE AU▪PT DENTAL ALLOY INTO THEBUFFERED SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENTCOMPOSITION AND PH VALUE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OBJECTIVES -- 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 3. 1. Clean Laboratory -- 3. 2. Chemicals -- 3. 3. Glassware Washing -- 3. 4. Dental Alloy -- 3. 5. Immersion (Extraction) Solutions -- 3. 6. Metal Soaking -- 3. 7. Metal Analysis -- 3. 8. Reagent Blanks -- 3. 9. Detection Limits -- 3.10. Statistics -- 4. RESULTS -- 4.1. Noble Au▪Pt Alloy -- 4.2. Base Alloys: Co▪Cr▪Mo and Ni▪Cr -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CO-CR-MO ALLOY SURFACE FEATURES ANDCOMPOSITION PRIOR AND AFTER MECHANICALPOLISHING AND CORROSION IN FLUIDS SIMULATINGORAL CONDITIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS.

Sample Casting -- Polishing Procedure -- Sample Cleaning Prior to AFM Analysis -- AFM Analysis -- SEM Analysis -- Immersion (Extraction) Solutions -- Alloy Soaking -- Statistical Analysis -- RESULTS -- Typical CoCrMo Surface -- Effect of Polishing -- Effect of Immersion in Saliva and Plaque Solutions -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY OF GOLDNANOPARTICLES: APPLICATIONS IN NANOMEDICINE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Synthesis of AuNPs -- Protein Mediated Delivery -- Peptide Mediated Delivery -- Small Molecule Mediated Delivery -- Conclusion and Future Outlook -- REFERENCES -- A COMMENTARY ON NEURAL TISSUE ENGINEERINGIN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - INTERFACINGA LESION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- INFLAMMATION -- THE FORMATION OF THE ECM WITHIN THE CNS AND ROLEFOLLOWING CNS INJURY -- FEATURES AND CHALLENGES OF SCAFFOLDS FOR CNSREGENERATION -- CURRENT SCAFFOLD DESIGN -- PERSPECTIVE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.