1 The ICF Framework and Its Relevance to the Assessment of People with Motor Speech Disorders LENA HARTELIUS, PH.D. NICK MILLER, PH.D.   I knocked on Alexander's door several times and finally had to open without having heard him say "come in!" The sparsely furnished room in the nursing home contained most of what he feels he needs to get him through the day-a large TV set, audio books, a refrigerator filled with fruit, juice, chocolate bars, and beer. Although he has been a nursing home residen -- 2The Assessment of Intelligibility in Motor Speech Disorders RAYMOND D. KENT, PH.D. YUNJUNG KIM, PH.D.   Introduction Reduced speech intelligibility is a common consequence of motor speech disorders (dysarthria and apraxia of speech) and can be a significant component of the burden of neurological disease. As Confucius said, we speak to be understood. But how do we measure the failed understanding of another person's message? This central and long-standing problem in speech-language pathology ha -- 3Physiological Assessment BRUCE E. MURDOCH, PH.D.   Introduction Although perceptual evaluations remain the benchmark for the assessment of motor speech disorders, recent years have seen a quantum increase in the use of physiological instrumentation in the assessment and management of dysarthria and apraxia of speech. The so-called "physiological approach" to the assessment and treatment of motor speech impairment as espoused by Hardy (1967), Netsell (1986), and Murdoch (1996) evolved from the c -- 4Assessment of Prosody RUPAL PATEL, PH.D.   Introduction Prosody is a complex phenomenon that pertains to the stress, intonation, and rhythm of speech. Variations in pitch, loudness, length, and pause can be quantified in term of fundamental frequency (F0), intensity, duration, and silence, respectively, in the acoustic stream (cf. Bolinger, 1989.

Lehiste, 1970, 1976 -- Netsell, 1973). These acoustic cues can be employed individually or in some combination to convey a variety of linguistic and com -- 5The Psychosocial Impact of Acquired Motor Speech Disorders MARGARET WALSHE, PH.D.   Introduction Over the past decade, there have been numerous calls for research on the psychosocial impact of acquired motor speech disorders on the speaker. One of the many reasons for this is the fact that the ICF framework (World Health Organization, 2001) has drawn considerable attention to the dearth of literature in this area (see Chapter 1, "The ICF Framework and its Relevance to the Assessment of People w -- 6 Measurement of Communicative Participation KATHRYN M. YORKSTON, PH.D. CAROLYN R. BAYLOR, PH.D.   Participation within the ICF Framework Participation, defined simply as "involvement in life situations," is a critical component of the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) (World Health Organization, 2001 #6710). The construct of participation is valuable for understanding how people engage in various activities in the context -- 7 Cognition and Its Assessment in Motor Speech Disorders CATHERINE MACKENZIE, PH.D.   Introduction Motor speech disorder (MSD) rarely occurs as an isolated sequel to or sign of neurological damage. The causative injury in dysarthria and apraxia of speech commonly results in a variety of impairments, and resultant limitations in activity and participation, relating to physical, sensory, psychological, and cognitive domains. These impairments may impact negatively on individual presentation, progn.

8 Conversation Analysis and Acquired Motor Speech Disorders in Everyday Interaction STEVEN BLOCH, PH.D. RAY WILKINSON, PH.D.   Introduction This chapter presents Conversation Analysis (CA) as a rigorous and systematic approach to the assessment of naturally occurring conversational talk. Its relevance to the assessment of motor speech disorders (MSDs) is explored through a review of CA principles and an analysis of extracts featuring an adult with acquired dysarthria engaged in everyday conversa -- 9 Telerehabilitation and the Assessment of Motor Speech Disorders DEBORAH THEODOROS, PH.D.   Introduction The assessment of motor speech disorders (MSDs) is a complex process requiring a range of strategies designed to explore the neurological impairment of the speech mechanism, the individual's communicative ability, and the capacity and opportunity for the person to participate in everyday life. Assessment requires a face-to-face interaction between the speech-language pathologist (SLP) and th -- 10 Biodynamics of Speech and Orofacial Movement STEVEN M. BARLOW, PH.D., MEREDITH POORE, M.A., SHIN YING CHU, M.A.   Introduction The speech motor control system, including the chest wall (abdomen and ribcage), larynx, velopharynx, tongue, jaw, and lips, represents an anatomically and biomechanically diverse array of connective tissue-muscle subsystems regulated by a phylogenetically elaborated and distributed neural system. The coordinated actions of more than 100 muscles are required to genera.

11 Assessment of Rhythm LAURENCE WHITE, PH.D., JULIE M. LISS, PH.D., AND VOLKER DELLWO, PH.D.   Introduction A motor speech disorder (MSD) can be characterized, in part, by the impact of the specific neurological defect on the flow of speech, resulting in a percept of disturbed speech rhythm. Darley, Aronson, and Brown (1969a) applied terms such as excess and equal stress, reduced stress, short rushes of speech, and prolonged segments, among others, to characterize the perceptual experience of r -- 12 Assessment of Intonation ANJA KUSCHMANN, M.A., NICK MILLER, PH.D., ANJA LOWIT, PH.D., AND INEKE MENNEN, PH.D.   Introduction Disturbances of intonation are a frequent accompaniment to acquired motor speech disorders, be it as a direct consequence of the neurological disorder, as a result of compensatory strategies, or as a side effect of treatment for other speech components. For instance, in the dysarthrias, the underlying neuromuscular disturbance may lead to altered fundamental frequency a -- 13 Variability and Coordination Indices and Their Applicability to Motor Speech Disorders PETER HOWELL, PH.D., ANDREW ANDERSON, PH.D., AND ANJA LOWIT, PH.D   Introduction Controlling the articulators to produce fluent, intelligible speech is a complex motor control activity. Articulatory movements have to be executed quickly, as well as being precisely targeted and coordinated. In addition, articulatory maneuvers need to be adaptable to retain phonetic stability in different speaking circumstanc.

14 Functional Neuroimaging for the Investigation of Motor Speech Disorders SERGE PINTO, PH.D.   Introduction Recent years have seen significant developments in our ability to study the structure and functioning of the brain, furthering our understanding of normal motor and cognitive processes as well as specifying structures underlying disturbances in these processes. There are two principal ways of imaging the brain. The first relies on the structural description of the organ, as part of an ana -- 15 Apraxic Failure and the Hierarchical Structure of Speech Motor Plans A Nonlinear Probabilistic Model WOLFRAM ZIEGLER, PH.D.   Apraxia of Speech and Learned Speech Motor Behavior Apraxia of speech (AOS) is considered as an impairment affecting the acquired, overlearned aspects of the motor skill of spoken language production.1 This stance is taken in most of the historical and the modern perspectives of this disorder. The French neurologist Paul Broca, for instance, who speculated about patien -- 16 Defective Neural Motor Speech Mappings As a Source for Apraxia of Speech Evidence from a Quantitative Neural Model of Speech Processing BERND J. KRÖGER, PH.D., NICK MILLER, PH.D., ANJA LOWIT, PH.D., AND CHRISTIANE NEUSCHÄFER-RUBE, PH.D.   Introduction Since apraxia of speech (AOS) emerged as a focus of attention in the 1960s (Darley, Aronson, & Brown, 1975) the design and interpretation of studies has been dogged by variations in definitions used and consequent characteristics of cases invest.