Front Cover -- Emerging Nanotechnologies in Dentistry -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Dedication -- List of Contributors -- 1 Nanotechnology and the Future of Dentistry -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Nanotechnology Approaches -- 1.3 Nanotechnology to Nanomanufacturing -- 1.3.1 Top-Down Approach -- 1.3.2 Bottom-Up Approach -- 1.4 Nanodentistry -- 1.5 Future Directions and Conclusions -- References -- 2 Nanoparticles for Dental Materials: Synthesis, Analysis, and Applications -- 2.1 Introduction: Why Use Nanoparticles? -- 2.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles -- 2.2.1 Synthesis by Mechanical Attrition -- 2.2.2 Synthesis Through Sol-Gel Process -- 2.2.2.1 Functionalization of Oxide Nanoparticles -- 2.2.3 Synthesis of Silsesquioxane Nanoparticles -- 2.2.4 Synthesis of Polymer-Templated Nanoparticles -- 2.3 Examples of Dental Materials Using Nanoparticles -- 2.3.1 Nanocomposites Containing Oxide Nanoparticles -- 2.3.1.1 Nanofill Composites -- 2.3.1.2 Nanohybrid Composites -- 2.3.2 Silsesquioxane-Based Composites -- 2.3.3 Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Fluoride Nanoparticles-Based Composites -- 2.3.4 Nanoparticles in Glass Ionomer Systems -- 2.3.5 Nanotechnology in Dental Adhesives -- 2.4 Selected Properties of Dental Materials Containing Nanoparticles -- 2.4.1 Optical Properties -- 2.4.2 Wear Properties -- 2.4.3 Mechanical Properties -- 2.5 Clinical Experience with Dental Materials Containing Nanoparticles -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Antimicrobial Nanoparticles in Restorative Composites -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Antibacterial Restorative Composites -- 3.2.1 Filler Phase Modification -- 3.2.1.1 Released Antibacterial Agents -- 3.2.1.2 Nonreleased Antibacterial Agents -- 3.2.2 Matrix Phase Modification -- 3.2.2.1 Released Antibacterial Agents -- 3.2.2.2 Nonreleased Antibacterial Agents -- 3.3 Antimicrobial Macromolecules.

3.3.1 Polycationic Disinfectants -- 3.3.2 Polyethyleneimine -- 3.4 Nanoparticles -- 3.4.1 Polyethyleneimine Nanoparticles -- 3.4.1.1 Synthesis -- 3.4.1.2 Characterization -- 3.4.1.3 Incorporation of PEI Nanoparticles -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Nanotechnology in Operative Dentistry: A Perspective Approach of History, Mechanical Behavior, and Clinical Application -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Historical Review: Nanotechnology Applications in Operative Dentistry -- 4.3 Biomimetics -- 4.4 Fillers in Composite Resins -- 4.5 SEM and EDS Evaluation -- 4.6 Filler Weight Content (wt%) -- 4.7 Water Sorption -- 4.8 Mechanical Behavior -- 4.8.1 Compressive Strength -- 4.8.2 Diametral Tensile Strength -- 4.8.3 Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus -- 4.8.4 Microhardness -- 4.8.5 Nanohardness -- 4.8.6 Wear Resistance -- 4.9 Clinical Applications -- 4.10 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Impact of Nanotechnology on Dental Implants -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Nanoscale Surface Modifications -- 5.3 Interactions of Surface Dental Implants with Blood -- 5.4 Interactions Between Surfaces and MSCs -- 5.4.1 Origin of MSCs -- 5.4.2 Migration, Adhesion, and Proliferation -- 5.4.3 Differentiation -- 5.5 Tissue Integration -- 5.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Titanium Surface Modification Techniques for Dental Implants-From Microscale to Nanoscale -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Titanium Surface Modification Methods -- 6.2.1 Morphological Modification of Titanium Surface -- 6.2.2 Physicochemical Modification of Titanium Surface -- 6.2.3 Biochemical Modification of Titanium Surface -- 6.2.3.1 Osteoinductive Biomolecular Cues -- 6.2.3.2 Micro- and Nanoscale Coating of HA/Calcium Phosphate/Alumina -- 6.2.3.3 Organic Nanoscale SAMs -- 6.2.3.4 Hydrogels on Titanium Surface -- 6.2.3.5 Antibacterial Titanium Surfaces.

6.3 Limitations and Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 7 Titanium Nanotubes as Carriers of Osteogenic Growth Factors and Antibacterial Drugs for Applications in Dental Implantology -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Titanium Nanotubes -- 7.3 TiO2 Nanotubes for Implant Fabrication -- 7.4 Functionalization of TiO2 Nanotubes with Growth Factors and Antibacterial/Anti-Inflammatory Drugs -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Cellular Responses to Nanoscale Surface Modifications of Titanium Implants for Dentistry and Bone Tissue Engineering Applications -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Nanotopography Generated from Surface Modification of Ti Implants -- 8.2.1 Surface Modification of Ti Implants with Inorganic Materials/Nanoparticles -- 8.2.2 Surface Modifications of Ti Implants with Polymers -- 8.3 Nanotopography and Protein Absorption -- 8.4 Nanotopography Alters Osteoblast Responses -- 8.4.1 Cell Morphology -- 8.4.2 Cell Adhesion -- 8.4.3 Cell Proliferation -- 8.4.4 Bioactive Molecules -- 8.4.5 Osseointegration -- 8.5 Nanotopography and Stem Cell Responses -- 8.5.1 Effects of Nanotopography on Endothelial Progenitor Cells -- 8.5.2 Effects of Nanotopography on Bone Marrow Stem Cells -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Corrosion Resistance of Ti6Al4V with Nanostructured TiO2 Coatings -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 SiO2-CaO Coatings on Ti6Al4V Alloys -- 9.1.2 SiO2 and SiO2-TiO2 Intermediate Coatings on Titanium and Ti6Al4V Alloy -- 9.1.3 Coated HA on Ti6Al4V by Electrophoretic Deposition -- 9.1.4 Double-Layer Glass-Ceramic Coatings on Ti6Al4V -- 9.2 Nanostructured TiO2 Deposited on Ti6Al4V -- 9.2.1 Preparation of the Ti6Al4V Electrode -- 9.2.2 TiO2 Nanoparticles Coating -- 9.3 Characterization Techniques -- 9.3.1 SEM -- 9.3.2 Raman Microscopy -- 9.4 Corrosion Tests with Electrochemical Techniques -- 9.4.1 OCV and Tafel Analysis -- 9.4.2 EIS -- 9.5 Conclusions.

References -- 10 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Incorporated GTR Membranes -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Periodontal Defects and GTR -- 10.2.1 Studies Using Nonresorbable Membranes -- 10.2.2 Studies Using Bioresorbable Membranes -- 10.2.3 Layer-Designed Membranes for GTR -- 10.3 Use of Electrospinning for Preparation of Nanocomposites -- 10.3.1 Electrospinning -- 10.3.2 CNTs Incorporated into Nanofibers -- 10.3.3 Organic-Inorganic Composite Nanofibers -- 10.4 GTR Membranes Based on Electrospun CNT/HA Nanoparticles Incorporated Composite Nanofibers -- 10.4.1 Fabrication of PLLA and PLLA/HA Composite Nanofibers -- 10.4.2 Fabrication of PLLA/MWCNTs/HA Composite Nanofibers -- 10.4.3 Characterization of PLLA/MWCNTs/HA Composite Nanofibers -- 10.4.4 Cell Culture on PLLA/MWCNTs/HA Composite Nanofibers Membranes -- 10.4.5 In-Vivo Implantation of PLLA/MWCNTs/HA Membranes -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Fabrication of PEG Hydrogel Micropatterns by Soft-Photolithography and PEG Hydrogel as Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane in Dental Implantology -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Microfabrication -- 11.2.1 Microfabrication Techniques -- 11.2.1.1 Property Modification -- 11.2.1.2 Microfabrication by Patterning -- 11.2.1.3 Additive Microfabrication -- 11.2.1.4 Subtractive Microfabrication -- 11.3 Lithography -- 11.4 Hydrogel as a Biomaterial -- 11.5 Soft-Photolithography of Hydrogel Micropatterns -- 11.5.1 Fabrication of PDMS Stamp -- 11.5.1.1 Design of the Photomask -- 11.5.1.2 Fabrication of "Master" or Negative Mould -- 11.5.1.3 Fabrication of PDMS -- 11.5.2 Surface Functionalization of Silicon Substrates by Silanization -- 11.5.3 Soft-Photolithography -- 11.6 PEG Hydrogel as GBR Membrane in Dental Implantology -- 11.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.

12 Nano-Apatitic Composite Scaffolds for Stem Cell Delivery and Bone Tissue Engineering -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Development of Nano-Apatitic and Macroporous Scaffolds -- 12.3 Cell Infiltration into Scaffold -- 12.4 Biomimetic Nano-Apatite-Collagen Fiber Scaffold -- 12.5 Fast Fracture of Nano-Apatite Scaffold -- 12.6 Fatigue of Nano-Apatite Scaffold -- 12.7 Nano-Apatite Scaffold-Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Interactions -- 12.8 Seeding Bone Marrow Stem Cells on Nano-Apatite Scaffolds -- 12.9 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Self-Assembly of Proteins and Peptides and Their Applications in Bionanotechnology and Dentistry -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Mechanism of Molecular Self-Assembly -- 13.3 Classification of Self-Assembly -- 13.4 Self-Assembly of Proteins and Peptides -- 13.5 Bionanotechnology Applications -- 13.6 Peptide Nanofibers, Nanotubes, and Nanowires -- 13.7 Three-Dimensional Peptide Matrix Scaffolds -- 13.8 Advantages and Limitations of Self-Assembling Peptide Matrix Scaffolds -- 13.9 Self-Assembly in Regenerative Biology and Dentistry -- 13.10 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Bone Regeneration Using Self-Assembled Nanoparticle-Based Scaffolds -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Scaffolding Biomaterials -- 14.3 Growth Factors -- 14.4 Controlled Release Technology -- 14.5 Controlled Release Systems for Bone Regeneration -- 14.6 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Surface Engineering of Dental Tools with Diamond for Improved Life and Performance -- 15.1 Tooth Materials -- 15.2 Dental Burs -- 15.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond Films onto Dental Burs -- 15.3.1 Plasma-Enhanced CVD -- 15.3.1.1 Microwave Plasma-Enhanced CVD -- 15.3.1.2 RF Plasma-Enhanced CVD -- 15.3.1.3 DC Plasma-Enhanced CVD -- 15.3.2 Hot Filament CVD -- 15.3.2.1 Growth Mechanisms -- 15.3.2.2 Filament Characteristics -- 15.3.2.3 Diamond Nucleation Process.

15.3.3 Controlling Structure and Morphology.