Front cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- SECTION ONE: Equipment Design -- 1. Fluid Flow -- Velocity Head -- Full Plant Piping -- Partially Full Horizontal Pipes -- Equivalent Length -- Recommended Velocities -- Two-phase Flow -- Compressible Flow-Short (Plant) Lines -- Compressible Flow-Long Pipelines -- Sonic Velocity -- Metering -- Control Valves -- Safety Relief Valves -- 2. Heat Exchangers -- TEMA -- Selection Guides -- Pressure Drop Shell and Tube -- Temperature Difference -- Shell Diameter -- Shellside Velocity Maximum -- Nozzle Velocity Maximum -- Heat Transfer Coefficients -- Fouling Resistances -- Metal Resistances -- Vacuum Condensers -- Air-cooled Heat Exchangers: Forced vs Induced Draft -- Air-cooled Heat Exchangers: Pressure Drop Air Side -- Air-cooled Heat Exchangers: Rough Rating -- Air-cooled Heat Exchangers: Temperature Control -- Miscellaneous Rules of Thumb -- 3. Fractionators -- Introduction -- Relative Volatility -- Minimum Reflux -- Minimum Stages -- Actual Reflux and Actual Theoretical Stages -- Reflux-to-Feed Ratio -- Actual Trays -- Graphical Methods -- Tray Efficiency -- Diameter of Bubble Cap Trays -- Diameter of Sieve/Valve Trays (F Factor) -- Diameter of Sieve/Valve Trays (Smith) -- Diameter of Sieve/Valve Trays (Lieberman) -- Diameter of Ballast Trays -- Diameter of Fractionators, General -- Control Schemes -- Optimization Techniques -- Reboilers -- Packed Columns -- 4. Absorbers -- Introduction -- Hydrocarbon Absorber Design -- Hydrocarbon Absorbers, Optimization -- Inorganic Type -- 5. Pumps -- Affinity Laws -- Horsepower -- Efficiency -- Minimum Flow -- General Suction System -- Suction System NPSH Available -- Suction System NPSH for Studies -- Suction System NPSH with Dissolved Gas -- Larger Impeller -- Construction Materials -- 6. Compressors -- Ranges of Application -- Generalized Z.

Generalized K -- Horsepower Calculation -- Efficiency -- Temperature Rise -- Surge Controls -- 7. Drivers -- Motors: Efficiency -- Motors: Starter Sizes -- Motors: Service Factor -- Motors: Useful Equations -- Motors: Relative Costs -- Motors: Overloading -- Steam Turbines: Steam Rate -- Steam Turbines: Efficiency -- Gas Turbines: Fuel Rates -- Gas Engines: Fuel Rates -- Gas Expanders: Available Energy -- 8. Separators/Accumulators -- Liquid Residence Time -- Vapor Residence Time -- Vapor/Liquid Calculation Method -- Estimating Equilibria -- Liquid/Liquid Calculation Method -- Pressure Drop -- Vessel Thickness -- Gas Scrubbers -- Reflux Drums -- General Vessel Design Tips -- 9. Boilers -- Power Plants -- Controls -- Thermal Efficiency -- Stack Gas Enthalpy -- Stack Gas Quantity -- Steam Drum Stability -- Deaerator Venting -- Water Alkalinity -- Blowdown Control -- Impurities in Water -- Conductivity Versus Dissolved Solids -- Silica in Steam -- Caustic Embrittlement -- Waste Heat -- 10. Cooling Towers -- System Balances -- Temperature Data -- Performance -- Performance Estimate: A Case History -- Transfer Units -- SECTION TWO: Process Design -- 11. Refrigeration -- Types of Systems -- Estimating Horsepower per Ton -- Horsepower and Condenser Duty for Specific Refrigerants -- Refrigerant Replacements -- Ethylene/Propylene Cascaded System -- Steam Jet Type Utilities Requirements -- Ammonia Absorption Type Utilities Requirements -- 12. Gasification -- What Is Gasification? -- Gasification Theory -- Feedstocks for Gasification -- Features of Gasification Systems -- Commercial Gasification Systems -- Trace Components in Gasifier Syngas -- 13. Gas Treating -- Introduction -- Gas Treating Processes -- Chemical Solvent Processes -- Physical Solvent Processes -- Physical/Chemical Solvent Processes -- Biological Processes -- Solid Bed Scavengers -- Membranes.

14. Vacuum Systems -- Vacuum Jets -- Typical Jet Systems -- Steam Supply -- Measuring Air Leakage -- Time to Evacuate -- Design Recommendations -- Ejector Specification Sheet -- 15. Pneumatic Conveying -- Types of Systems -- Differential Pressures -- Equipment Sizing -- 16. Blending -- Single-Stage Mixers -- Multistage Mixers -- Gas/Liquid Contacting -- Liquid/Liquid Mixing -- Liquid/Solid Mixing -- Mixer Applications -- Shrouded Blending Nozzle -- Vapor Formation Rate for Tank Filling -- SECTION THREE: Plant Design -- 17. Process Evaluation -- Introduction -- Study Definition -- Process Definition -- Battery Limits Specifications -- Offsite Specifications -- Capital Investments -- Operating Costs -- Economics -- Financing -- 18. Reliability -- 19. Metallurgy -- Embrittlement -- Stress-Corrosion Cracking -- Hydrogen Attack -- Pitting Corrosion -- Creep and Creep-Rupture Life -- Metal dusting -- Naphthenic Acid Corrosion -- Fuel Ash Corrosion -- Thermal Fatigue -- Abrasive Wear -- Pipeline Toughness -- Common Corrosion Mistakes -- 20. Safety -- Estimating LEL and Flash -- Tank Blanketing -- Equipment Purging -- Static Charge from Fluid Flow -- Mixture Flammability -- Relief Manifolds -- Natural Ventilation -- 21. Controls -- Introduction -- Extra Capacity for Process Control -- Controller Limitations -- False Economy -- Definitions of Control Modes -- Control Mode Comparisons -- Control Mode vs Application -- Pneumatic vs Electronic Controls -- Process Chromatographs -- SECTION FOUR: Operations -- 22. Troubleshooting -- Introduction -- Fractionation: Initial Checklists -- Fractionator: Troubleshooting Checklist -- Fractionation: Operating Problems -- Fractionation: Mechanical Problems -- Fractionation: Getting Ready for Troubleshooting -- Fractionation: "Normal" Parameters -- Fluid Flow -- Refrigeration -- Firetube Heaters -- Safety Relief Valves.

Gas Treating -- Compressors -- Measurement -- 23. Startup -- Introduction -- Settings for Controls -- Probable Causes of Trouble in Controls -- Checklists -- 24. Energy Conservation -- Target Excess Oxygen -- Stack Heat Loss -- Stack Gas Dew Point -- Equivalent Fuel Values -- Heat Recovery Systems -- Process Efficiency -- Steam Traps -- Gas Expanders -- Fractionation -- Insulating Materials -- 25. Shortcut Methods for Decisions -- Introduction -- Study Problem -- Conclusions -- 26. Process Modeling Using Linear Programming -- Process Modeling Using Linear Programming -- 27. Properties -- Introduction -- Approximate Physical Properties -- Liquid Viscosity -- Relative Humidity -- Surface Tension -- Gas Diffusion Coefficients -- Water and Hydrocarbons -- Natural Gas Hydrate Temperature -- Inorganic Gases in Petroleum -- Foam Density -- Equivalent Diameter -- Autoignition Temperature -- Gibbs Free Energy of Formation -- New Refrigerants -- 28. Approximate Conversion Factors -- Approximate Conversion Factors -- Appendixes -- Appendix 1: Shortcut Equipment Design Methods-Overview -- Appendix 2: Geographic Information Systems -- Appendix 3: Archimedes' Method Goes Modern -- Appendix 4: Process Safety Management -- Appendix 5: Do-It-Yourself Shortcut Methods -- Appendix 6: Overview for Engineering Students -- Appendix 7: Guidelines for Equipment Decisions -- Appendix 8: Process Specification Sheets -- Vessel data sheet -- Shell and tube exchanger data sheet -- Double pipe (G-fin) exchanger data sheet -- Air-cooled (fin-fan) exchanger data sheet -- Direct fired heater data sheet -- Centrifugal pump (horizontal or vertical) data sheet -- Pump (vertical turbine-can or propellor) data sheet -- Tank data sheet -- Cooling tower data sheet -- Index.