Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments and Preface to the Second Edition -- 1. Introduction -- Politics and Human Nature -- The Idea of Human Nature or the Human Good as "Function": Normative Anthropology -- My "Story" of Political Philosophy-and My Cast of Characters -- Enduring Issues in Political Philosophy -- 2. Classical Greek Political Philosophy: Beginnings -- Protagoras's Democratic Traditionalism -- The Functionalistic Foundation of the Political Aretai in Nature (Physis) -- Glaucon's Contractarian Political Theory -- 3. Plato: Government for Corrupted Intellects -- Socrates' Polis of Pigs -- The "Republic" of Plato's Republic -- The Human Ergon and the Purpose of Political Organization -- Furthering Rationality by Means of the Polis? -- Why Should Anyone Return to the Cave? -- Plato and "the Rule of Law" -- 4. Aristotle: Politics as the Master Art -- The Human Good: Intellectual and Political -- "Acting Correctly" (Eupraxia) as a Grand End? -- The Polis as a Complete Community -- The Role of Politics: the Master Art? -- Concluding Thoughts -- 5. Cicero: The Cosmic Significance of Politics -- Cicero as Champion of the Res Publica -- What is Right (Ius): The Rule of Law (Lex) and Normative Anthropology -- Virtues, Duties, and Laws -- 6. Christianity: A Political Religion? -- The New Testament and Beyond -- Pauline Cosmopolitanism -- The Roman Empire Christianized -- The Advent of Tempora Christiana (The Christian Era) -- 7. Augustine, Aquinas, and Marsilius of Padua: Politics for Saints, Sinners, and Heretics -- St. Augustine -- The Two Rationales of Augustine's City of God -- The Two Cities -- Theoretical Political Consequences -- Christians as Good Citizens of Secular States? -- St. Thomas Aquinas -- The Human Function: Nature and Praeternature -- The "Parts" of the Eternal Law: Divine, Natural, and Human Law.

Political Forms, Procedures, and other Particulars -- Aquinas's Political Philosophy: Some Concluding Observations -- Marsilius of Padua -- The Autonomous but Coercive Regnum (Political Community) and Its Law -- The Political Wisdom and Authority of the Whole Body of Citizens -- 8. Hobbes and Locke: Seventeenth-Century Contractarianism -- Thomas Hobbes: Natural Law Simplified and Modernized -- Natural Law, Natural Rights, and the Human Function -- Law, Contracts, and the "Leviathan" -- The Civil State: Sovereign and Subjects -- Concluding Thoughts on God and Sovereigns -- John Locke: Divinely Mandated Autonomy, Natural Rights, and Property -- Moral Knowledge and Human Motivation -- The State of Nature and the Social Contract -- Property and Liberal Political Theory: Lockean Origins -- 9. Rousseau and Marx: Reaction to Bourgeois-Liberalism -- Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Autonomous Citizens for the True Republic -- The Intertwined Development of Civilization, Corruption, and Morality -- The Social Contract and the Émile : Republics and Republican Citizens -- Politics and the Human Function -- Karl Marx: Distortion of the Human Function Within the Bourgeois-Liberal State -- Political Emancipation and the Bourgeois-Liberal State -- Alienation and the Human Function -- Historical Materialism and the Coming of Communism -- Concluding Thoughts: the Cookshops of the Future made Present -- 10. Mill and Rawls: Liberalism Ascendant? -- John Stuart Mill: Perfectionist Liberalism -- Mill's Liberalism -- Liberty and Government -- Democratic Republicanism -- Concluding Thought on Mill and Liberalism -- John Rawls: Political (and Nonperfectionist?) Liberalism -- Egalitarian Justice as the "First Virtue of Social Institutions": Basic Assumptions -- Rawls's Two Principles of Justice: What They Apply to and Why.

Consensus, Public Reason, and the Distinction between Citoyen and Bourgeois -- The Ultimate Justification of Rawlsian Liberalism? -- Epilogue -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.