Polymer Composites -- Contents -- The Editors -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Part One: Introduction to Polymer Composites -- 1 Advances in Polymer Composites: Macro- and Microcomposites - State of the Art, New Challenges, and Opportunities -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Classification of Composites -- 1.2.1 Polymer Matrix Composites -- 1.2.1.1 Factors Affecting Properties of PMCs -- 1.2.1.2 Fabrication of Composites -- 1.2.1.3 Applications -- 1.2.1.4 Recent Advances in Polymer Composites -- 1.3 Interface Characterization -- 1.3.1 Micromechanical Technique -- 1.3.2 Spectroscopic Tests -- 1.3.3 Microscopic Techniques -- 1.3.4 Thermodynamic Methods -- 1.4 New Challenges and Opportunities -- References -- 2 Shock and Impact Response of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Analytical Analysis -- 2.2.1 Wave Propagation in Elastic-Viscoelastic Bilaminates -- 2.2.2 Solution at Wave Front: Elastic Precursor Decay -- 2.2.3 Late-Time Asymptotic Solution -- 2.3 Plate-Impact Experiments on GRPs -- 2.3.1 Material: Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer -- 2.3.2 Plate-Impact Shock Compression Experiments: Experimental Configuration -- 2.3.2.1 t-X Diagram (Time versus Distance) and S-V Diagram (Stress versus Velocity) for Plate-Impact Shock Compression Experiments -- 2.3.3 Plate-Impact Spall Experiments: Experimental Configuration -- 2.3.3.1 t-X Diagram (Time versus Distance) and S-V Diagram (Stress versus Velocity) for Plate-Impact Spall Experiments -- 2.3.4 Shock-Reshock and Shock-Release Experiments: Experimental Configuration -- 2.3.4.1 t-X Diagram (Time versus Distance) for Shock-Reshock and Shock-Release Experiments -- 2.4 Target Assembly -- 2.5 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 2.5.1 Plate-Impact Shock Compression Experiments -- 2.5.1.1 Structure of Shock Waves in the GRP.

2.5.1.2 Equation of State (Shock Velocity versus Particle Velocity) for S2-Glass GRP -- 2.5.1.3 Hugoniot Stress versus Hugoniot Strain (Hugoniot) -- 2.5.1.4 Hugoniot Stress versus Particle Velocity -- 2.5.2 Plate-Impact Spall Experiments -- 2.5.2.1 Determination of Spall Strength -- 2.5.2.2 Spall Strength of GRP Following Normal Shock Compression -- 2.5.2.3 Spall Strength of GRP Following Combined Shock Compression and Shear Loading -- 2.5.3 Shock-Reshock and Shock-Release Experiments -- 2.5.3.1 Self Consistent Method for the Determination of Dynamic Shear Yield Strength -- 2.5.3.2 Calculation of Initial Hugoniot Shocked State and Hugoniot Stress-Strain Curve -- 2.5.3.3 Calculation of Off-Hugoniot States for Reshock-Release Loading -- 2.5.3.4 Determination of the Critical Shear Strength in the Shocked State for S2-Glass GRP -- 2.6 Summary -- References -- 3 Interfaces in Macro- and Microcomposites -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Characterization of Interfaces in Macro- and Microcomposites -- 3.2.1 Surface Treatments of Reinforcements for Composite Materials -- 3.2.2 Microscale Tests -- 3.3 Micromechanics-Based Analysis -- 3.3.1 Micromechanical Homogenization Theory -- 3.3.1.1 Representative Volume Element -- 3.3.1.2 Eshelby.s Equivalent Inclusion Method -- 3.3.2 Effective Elastic Modulus -- 3.3.2.1 Self-Consistent Method -- 3.3.2.2 Mori-Tanaka Method -- 3.3.2.3 Ensemble-Volume Average Method -- 3.3.3 Interface Model -- 3.3.3.1 Linear Spring Model -- 3.3.3.2 Interface Stress Model -- 3.3.3.3 Dislocation-Like Model -- 3.3.3.4 Free Sliding Model -- 3.4 Interfacial Damage Modeling -- 3.4.1 Conventional Weibull.s Probabilistic Approach -- 3.4.2 Multilevel Damage Model -- 3.4.3 Cumulative Damage Model -- 3.5 Summary -- References -- 4 Preparation and Manufacturing Techniques for Macro- and Microcomposites -- 4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Thermoplastic Polymer Composites -- 4.2.1 Injection Molding -- 4.2.2 Extrusion -- 4.2.3 Compression Molding -- 4.2.4 Thermoplastic Prepreg Lay-up -- 4.2.5 Thermoplastic Tape Winding -- 4.2.6 Thermoplastic Pultrusion -- 4.2.7 Diaphragm Forming -- 4.2.8 Classification of Thermoplastic Composite Manufacturing Techniques -- 4.3 Thermosetting Polymer Composites -- 4.3.1 Hand Lamination -- 4.3.2 Spray-Up -- 4.3.3 Centrifugal Casting -- 4.3.4 Prepreg Lay-Up -- 4.3.5 Resin Transfer Molding and Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding -- 4.3.6 Bulk Molding Compound and Sheet Molding Compound -- 4.3.7 Reaction Injection Molding and Structural Reaction Injection Molding -- 4.3.8 Thermosetting Injection Molding -- 4.3.9 Filament Winding -- 4.3.10 Pultrusion -- 4.3.11 Classification of Thermosetting Composite Manufacturing Techniques -- 4.4 Future Trends -- References -- Part Two: Macrosystems: Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites -- 5 Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Preparation, Properties, and Applications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Backgrounds -- 5.2.1 Manufacturing Processes -- 5.2.2 Surface Treatment -- 5.2.2.1 Surface Treatment of Carbon Fibers -- 5.2.3 Characterization of Polymeric Composites -- 5.2.4 Fiber Reinforcements -- 5.3 Experimental Part -- 5.3.1 Materials -- 5.3.2 Surface Treatment of Carbon Fibers -- 5.3.2.1 Electrochemical Oxidation -- 5.3.2.2 Electroplating -- 5.3.2.3 Oxyfluorination -- 5.3.2.4 Plasma Modification -- 5.3.3 Preparation of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites -- 5.3.4 Characterization of Carbon Fibers -- 5.3.5 Theoretical Considerations of Dynamic Contact Angles -- 5.3.6 Characterization of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites -- 5.3.6.1 Interlaminar Shear Strength -- 5.3.6.2 Critical Stress Intensity Factor (KIC) -- 5.3.6.3 Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Factor -- 5.3.6.4 Fracture Behaviors.

5.4 Results and Discussion -- 5.4.1 Effect of Electrochemical Oxidation -- 5.4.1.1 Surface Characteristics -- 5.4.1.2 Contact Angle and Surface Free Energy -- 5.4.1.3 Mechanical Interfacial Properties -- 5.4.2 Effect of Electroplating -- 5.4.2.1 Surface Characteristics -- 5.4.2.2 Contact Angle and Surface Free Energy -- 5.4.2.3 Mechanical Interfacial Properties -- 5.4.3 Effect of Oxyfluorination -- 5.4.3.1 Surface Characteristics -- 5.4.3.2 Contact Angle and Surface Free Energy -- 5.4.3.3 Mechanical Interfacial Properties -- 5.4.4 Effect of Plasma Treatment -- 5.4.4.1 Surface Characteristics -- 5.4.4.2 Contact Angle and Surface Free Energy -- 5.4.4.3 Mechanical Interfacial Properties -- 5.5 Applications -- 5.5.1 Automotives -- 5.5.2 Wind Energy -- 5.5.3 Deepwater Offshore Oil and Gas Production -- 5.5.4 Electricity Transmission -- 5.5.5 Commercial Aircraft -- 5.5.6 Civil Infrastructure -- 5.5.7 Other Applications -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Chemical Composition and Types -- 6.2.1 Chemical Structure of Glass -- 6.2.2 Glass Fiber Types -- 6.3 Fabrication of Glass Fibers -- 6.3.1 Fiber Production -- 6.3.2 Sizing Application -- 6.4 Forms of Glass Fibers -- 6.4.1 Commercially Available Forms of Glass Fibers -- 6.4.2 Shaped Glass Fibers -- 6.5 Glass Fiber Properties -- 6.5.1 General Properties -- 6.5.2 Elastic Properties -- 6.5.3 Strength and Elongation Properties -- 6.5.4 Corrosion Properties -- 6.5.5 Thermal Properties -- 6.6 Glass Fibers in Polymer Composites -- 6.6.1 Polymers for Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 6.6.2 Determination of Properties -- 6.6.3 Manufacturing Processes and Related Composite Properties -- 6.6.4 Strength and Fatigue Properties -- 6.6.5 Strain Rate Effect in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 6.6.6 Environmental Influences.

6.6.7 Other Physical Properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 6.7 Applications -- 6.8 Summary -- References -- 7 Kevlar Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites -- 7.3 Constituents of Polymer Composites -- 7.3.1 Synthetic Fibers -- 7.4 Kevlar Fiber -- 7.4.1 Development and Molecular Structure of Kevlar -- 7.4.2 Properties of Kevlar Fibers -- 7.5 Interface -- 7.6 Factors Influencing the Composite Properties -- 7.6.1 Strength, Modulus, and Chemical Stability of the Fiber and the Polymer Matrix -- 7.6.2 Influence of Fiber Orientation and Volume Fraction -- 7.6.2.1 Fiber Orientation in Injection Molded Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 7.6.3 Volume Fraction -- 7.6.4 Influence of Fiber Length -- 7.6.5 Influence of Voids -- 7.6.6 Influence of Coupling Agents -- 7.7 Surface Modification -- 7.7.1 Surface Modification of Fibers -- 7.7.2 Surface Modification of Matrix Polymers -- 7.7.3 Fluorination and Oxy.uorination as Polymer Surface Modification Tool -- 7.8 Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 7.9 Effect of Fluorinated and Oxyfluorinated Short Kevlar Fiber on the Properties of Ethylene Propylene Matrix Composites -- 7.9.1 Preparation of Composites -- 7.9.2 FTIR Study -- 7.9.3 X-Ray Study -- 7.9.4 Thermal Properties -- 7.9.5 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) -- 7.9.6 Mechanical Properties -- 7.9.7 SEM Study -- 7.9.8 AFM Study -- 7.9.9 Conclusion -- 7.10 Compatibilizing Effect of MA-g-PP on the Properties of Fluorinated and Oxyfluorinated Kevlar Fiber-Reinforced Ethylene Polypropylene Composites -- 7.10.1 Preparation of the Composites -- 7.10.2 Thermal Properties -- 7.10.3 X-Ray Study -- 7.10.4 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis -- 7.10.5 Flow Behavior -- 7.10.6 SEM Study -- 7.10.7 Conclusion.

7.11 Properties of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Composites with Surface-Modified Short Kevlar Fiber.