Ethnic Dermatology: Principles and Practice -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Defining Ethnic Dermatology: Challenges, Limitations, and Merits -- Chapter 2 Skin Semiology and Grading Scales -- Introduction -- Pigmentation and color -- Hyperchromia -- Hypochromia -- Physiological patterns -- Other differences in skin semiology -- Pruritus and consequences of scratching or rubbing the skin -- Follicular and micropapular patterns -- Grading scores/scales -- Acknowledgment -- Chapter 3 Common Skin Conditions and Ethnicity -- Introduction -- Psoriasis -- Epidemiology and pathophysiology -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Management -- Adult seborrheic dermatitis -- Epidemiology -- Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment -- Xerosis (dry skin) -- Epidemiology and pathophysiology -- Management -- Contact dermatitis -- Epidemiology and causes -- Clinical features -- Atopic dermatitis -- Epidemiology -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Palmar and plantar keratoderma -- Epidemiology and clinical features -- Diagnosis and management -- Pityriasis rosea -- Definition, etiology, and epidemiology -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Management -- Lichenification and prurigo nodularis -- Definition and pathophysiology -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Epidemiology -- Management -- Primary cutaneous amyloidosis -- Definition and epidemiology -- Clinical features and pathophysiology -- Diagnosis and management -- Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis -- Prurigo pigmentosa -- Definition and epidemiology -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Pathophysiology and management -- Acne -- Epidemiology -- Clinical features -- Management -- Rosacea -- Facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption -- Lichen planus -- Epidemiology -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Management.

Lichen nitidus -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Management -- Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis -- Epidemiology and pathophysiology -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Management -- Autoimmune blistering disorders -- Pediculosis capitis -- T-cell lymphoma -- Epidemiology and pathophysiology -- Clinical features and diagnosis -- Management -- Skin lesions in relation to traditional therapies -- Acknowledgment -- Chapter 4 Pediatric Dermatology and the Ethnic Patient -- Introduction -- Dermal melanocytosis -- Mongolian spots -- Nevus of Ota and nevus of Ito -- Transient neonatal pustular melanosis -- Acropustulosis of infancy -- Kawasaki's disease -- Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus -- Neonatal lupus erythematosus -- Traction folliculits/alopecia -- Tinea capitis -- Atopic dermatitis -- Ichthyosis -- Keratosis pilaris -- Lichen striatus -- Epidermal nevus -- Phytophotodermatitis -- Recognizing jaundice -- Measles -- Vascular lesions -- Childhood granulomatus periorificial dermatitis -- Neurofibromatosis type 1 -- Molluscum contagiosum -- Seborrheic dermatitis -- Acquired acrodermatitis enteropathica -- Chapter 5 Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Diseases -- Introduction -- Lupus erythematosus or lupic disease -- Epidemiology -- Classification of cutaneous LE -- Acute lupus erythematosus -- Chronic lupus erythematosus -- Subacute lupus erythematosus -- Systemic lupus erythematosus -- Laboratory parameters -- Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus -- Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) -- Epidemiology -- Cutaneous disease -- Systemic disease -- Laboratory parameters -- Treatment -- Dermatomyositis -- Epidemiology -- Cutaneous disease -- Systemic disease -- Treatment -- Sarcoidosis -- Epidemiology -- Cutaneous disease -- Systemic disease -- Laboratory parameters.

Treatment -- Behçet's disease -- Epidemiology -- Mucocutaneous disease -- Systemic disease -- Treatment -- Acanthosis nigricans -- Epidemiology -- Cutaneous disease -- Systemic disease association -- Treatment -- Sickle cell disease -- Epidemiology -- Systemic disease -- Cutaneous disease -- Treatment -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6 Drug Eruptions and Ethnicity -- Introduction -- Clinical presentation -- Incidence -- Drug allergy in general -- Subtypes of drug eruptions -- Eruptions to specific drugs -- Explaining the observed ethnic differences -- Varying utilization of drugs -- Polymorphism within metabolic pathways -- Polymorphism in immune response -- Practical conclusions -- Chapter 7 Photodermatoses and Phototherapy in the Ethnic Patient -- Introduction -- Photodermatoses -- Polymorphous light eruption -- Chronic actinic dermatitis -- Actinic prurigo -- Solar urticaria -- Drug-induced photosensitivity -- Ultraviolet-based and laser therapy -- Vitiligo -- Laser hair removal -- Hidradenitis suppurativa -- Acne keloidalis nuchae -- Nevus of Ota/Ito -- Conclusion -- Chapter 8 HIV-related Skin Diseases -- Introduction -- Infectious skin diseases -- Bacterial skin infections -- Mycobacterial skin infections -- Viral skin infections -- Fungal skin infections -- Parasitic skin infections -- Inflammatory skin diseases -- Drug reactions -- Neoplastic skin diseases -- Hair and nail disorders -- HIV-related skin diseases associated with antiretroviral therapy -- Antiretroviral-specific dermatological problems -- Immune reconstitution syndrome-related disorders -- Chapter 9 Benign Skin Tumors and Cysts in the Ethnic Patient -- Introduction -- Dermatosis papulosa nigra -- Syringoma -- Vellus hair cysts -- Epidermoid cysts -- Granular cell tumor -- Papillary eccrine adenoma -- Lipoma -- Pseudolymphoma -- Chapter 10 Malignant Skin Tumors and the Ethnic Patient.

Introduction -- Melanoma -- Age -- Sex -- Etiology -- Clinical presentation -- Diagnosis -- Histology -- Treatment -- Follow-up -- Prognosis -- Basal cell carcinoma -- Squamous cell carcinoma -- Squamous cell carcinoma in situ -- Keratoacanthoma -- Management -- Prognosis -- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans -- Cutaneous lymphoma -- Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas -- Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas -- Kaposi's sarcoma -- Clinical presentation -- Histopathology -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- Chapter 11 Treatment of Keloids and Scars -- Introduction -- Keloid and scar treatment -- First-line therapy -- Intralesional corticosteroids -- Interferon -- Second-line therapy -- Cryotherapy -- Radiation -- Third-line therapy -- Lasers -- Imiquimod -- 5-Fluorouracil -- Surgical removal -- Tangential shaving -- Over-the-counter treatments -- Novel therapies and the future -- Viral hypothesis and possible future therapies -- Chapter 12 Vitiligo: Clinical Presentation and Management -- Introduction -- Definition and types of vitiligo -- Clinical subtypes of vitiligo -- Prevalence and affected sites -- Prevalence -- Affected sites -- Differential diagnoses -- Quality of life in vitiligo patients -- Etiology and pathogenesis -- Histopathology -- Natural history and prognosis -- Investigations -- Management and treatment -- Conservative approach -- Topical treatments -- Systemic and complementary therapies -- Phototherapy and other light-based therapies -- Psychological support -- Depigmentation -- Surgical therapies -- Conclusion -- Chapter 13 Other Causes of Hypopigmentation: What Not to Miss -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology of hypopigmentation -- Clinical assessment -- Hypopigmentation: the causes -- Pityriasis versicolor -- Pityriasis alba -- Nevus anemicus -- Seborrheic dermatitis -- Leprosy -- Vitiligo -- Sarcoidosis -- Granuloma multiforme (Leiker).

Progressive macular hypomelanosis -- Scleroderma -- Psoriasis -- Mycosis fungoides -- Discoid lupus erythematosus -- Endemic treponematosis -- Postinflammatory hypopigmentation -- Onchocerciasis -- Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis -- Confetti like leukoderma (leukoderma induced by hydroquinone) -- Epidermodysplasia verruciformis -- Other causes -- Conclusion -- Chapter 14 Facial Hyperpigmentation: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management -- Introduction -- Macules -- Acne -- Facial hyperpigmentation secondary to pseudofolliculitis barbae -- Other inflammatory pigmentations -- Patches -- Eczema (atopy and contact dermatitis) -- Melasma -- Nevus of Ota -- Exogenous ochronosis -- Generalized hyperpigmentation -- Actinic lichen planus -- Drug-induced facial hyperpigmentation -- Conclusion -- Chapter 15 Hair and Scalp Disorders in Women of African Descent -- Introduction -- Pathogenesis -- Biology of Afro-textured hair -- Hair grooming -- Prevalence of hair and scalp disease -- Clinical assessment -- History -- Examination -- Ancillary investigations -- Investigations -- Clinical features and management of specific hair and scalp disorders -- Scalp disorders -- Scarring alopecias -- Nonscarring alopecias -- Conclusions -- Chapter 16 Dermatological Disorders in Men of African Descent -- Introduction -- Pseudofolliculitis barbae -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical presentation -- Treatment -- Alternative approaches to hair removal -- Acne keloidalis nuchae -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical presentation -- Treatment -- Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical presentation -- Treatment -- Folliculitis decalvans -- Clinical features -- Pathogenesis -- Treatment -- Keloids -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical presentation -- Treatment -- Chapter 17 Hair Transplantation in People of African Descent -- Introduction.

Biology of afro-textured hair and skin: implications for hair transplantation.