The main purpose of this book is to provide a modern review about recent advances in Fourier transforms as the most powerful analytical tool for high-tech application in electrical, electronic, and computer engineering, as well as Fourier transform spectral techniques with a wide range of biological, biomedical, biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and nanotechnological applications. The confluence of Fourier transform methods with high tech opens new opportunities for detection and handling of atoms and molecules using nanodevices, with potential for a large variety of scientific and technological applications.