ECONOMIC CHALLENGES IN THE FIGHTAGAINST HIV/AIDS -- Contents -- Preface -- GENERAL INTRODUCTION -- Medical Facts about HIV/AIDS -- 1.1. Infection Types and Transmission -- 1.2. Historical Evolution of the Disease -- 1.3. Main Events in the Global Response to HIV/AIDS -- 1.4. Concluding Remarks -- Current Policies to Fight HIV/AIDS -- 2.1. Economic Policies -- 2.2. Implementations -- 2.3. Public Budgets in the Face of AIDS -- 2.4. Concluding Remarks -- SPECIFIC CHALLENGES INDEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- Demography and Economic Growth -- 3.1. AIDS and Key Economic Variables -- 3.2. Growth and Development in the Face of AIDS -- 3.3. Concluding Remarks -- AIDS and Private Sector Downfalls -- 4.1. General Discussion -- 4.2. Myths and Reality -- 4.3. Mining Areas and Prostitution -- 4.4. Concluding Remarks -- Savings Decline and BankingInstability -- 5.1. Savings, Financial Sector and Economic Growth -- 5.2. A Model of Banking Failure without Panic -- 5.3. Concluding Remarks -- Crowding-out Effects and PublicSpending -- 6.1. AIDS-Related Expenditure and Public Budgets -- 6.2. Social Security -- 6.3. Federal Employees' Turnover -- 6.4. Fiscal Policies and HIV/AIDS -- 6.5. Concluding Remarks -- ECONOMIC ISSUES IN DEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES -- Social Security and Public Services -- 7.1. Medicaid, Medicare and CARE Act -- 7.2. Factors of Prevalence: The Case of Massachusetts -- 7.3. Public vs. Private Insurance -- 7.4. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Treatments and Monopsony -- 7.5. Concluding Remarks -- Drugs Patents and R&D Incentives -- 8.1. Patents and Market Size -- 8.2. R&D for the Poor -- 8.3. Pricing Strategies -- 8.4. Concluding Remarks -- Impediments to PharmaceuticalR&D -- 9.1. Risk of Failure in the R&D Process -- 9.2. R&D Valuation and Deterrents -- 9.3. Specific Deterrents to AIDS Vaccines -- 9.4. Concluding Remarks -- Financial Innovations and AIDSVaccines.

10.1. Pull, Push and Transition Mechanisms -- 10.2. COV Model -- 10.3. R&D Failure as Credit Risk -- 10.4. Concluding Remarks -- Transition to Innovative Treatments -- 11.1. Economic Impact of Innovative Treatments -- 11.2. Designing the Securities -- 11.3. Diversifying the Arrow Securities -- 11.4. Social Welfare and Arrow Securities -- 11.5. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index.