Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright -- FOREWORD -- CONTENTS -- EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- SHARED HARVESTS: AGRICULTURE, TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT - An Overview -- AGRICULTURE: IMPORTANT AND SENSITIVE -- AGRICULTURE: UNEQUAL AND DISTORTED -- AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT: CHALLENGESAND OPPORTUNITIES -- LINKS BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT:COMPLEX BUT STRONG -- THE WAY FORWARD -- REFERENCES -- 1. EMPLOYMENT, PRODUCTIVITY, AND TRADE IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRY AGRICULTURE -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- 1.2.1 Forms of agricultural employment -- 1.2.2 Terms and conditions of agricultural employment -- 1.2.3 Wages and earnings in developing-country agriculture -- 1.2.4 Agricultural worker mobility -- 1.3 PRODUCTIVITY IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRY AGRICULTURE -- 1.3.1 A model of agricultural productivity and developing-countryemployment -- 1.3.2 Agricultural innovation and new technologies -- 1.4 DEVELOPING-COUNTRY AGRICULTURE AND GLOBAL MARKETS -- 1.4.1 Agricultural trade policies and domestic measures -- 1.4.2 Agricultural terms of trade and price volatility -- 1.4.3 Regional trade agreements -- 1.5 TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND AGRICULTURAL LABOUR MARKETS -- 1.6 CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 2. LEGAL ASPECTS OF TRADE IN AGRICULTURE: WTO AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AND PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS -- 2.1 THE INTERNATIONAL TRADING SYSTEM AND AGRICULTURE -- 2.1.1 The Agreement on Agriculture -- 2.1.2 Market access -- 2.1.3 Domestic support -- 2.1.4 Export competition -- 2.1.5 Non-tariff measures -- 2.2 THE DOHA ROUND -- 2.3 PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS -- 2.3.1 General considerations -- 2.3.2 Development issues -- 2.3.3 Market access in PTAs -- 2.3.5 Subsidies -- 2.3.6 Non-tariff measures in PTAs -- 2.4 CONCLUSION -- ANNEXES -- A.2.1 Examples of safeguard measures in PTAs.

A.2.2 Examples of provisions on export restrictions in PTAs -- A.2.3 Examples of export subsidy provisions in PTAs -- A.2.4 Example of provision to maintain preference margin -- A.2.5 Example of development and agricultural cooperation in PTAs -- REFERENCES -- 3. TRADE AND AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT LINKAGES IN GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELLING -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 QUANTITATIVE MODELS -- 3.2.1 Partial equilibrium models -- 3.2.2 Social accounting matrices -- 3.2.3 Computable general equilibrium models -- 3.3 ILLUSTRATIVE SCENARIOS -- 3.3.1 Illustrative scenario -- unilateral liberalization -- 3.3.2 Illustrative scenario: multilateral liberalization -- 3.4 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 4. ECONOMIC REFORMS AND AGRICULTURE IN BANGLADESH: ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS USING ECONOMY-WIDE SIMULATION MODELS -- 4.1. INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 METHODOLOGY -- 4.2.1. The GTAP Model -- 4.2.2. The CGE model for the Bangladesh economy -- 4.3. STRUCTURE OF THE BANGLADESH ECONOMY -- 4.4 BANGLADESH'S TRADE AND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES -- 4.4.1. Global agricultural trade liberalization under a potential WTO Doha agreement -- 4.4.2. Bilateral free-trade agreement between Bangladesh and India -- 4.4.3. Unilateral agricultural trade liberalization -- 4.4.4 Agricultural production subsidy policy -- 4.4.5 Agricultural productivity -- 4.5 SCENARIOS CONSIDERED IN THE BANGLADESH CGE MODEL -- 4.6 RESULTS FROM THE BANGLADESH CGE MODEL -- 4.6.1 Macroeconomic effects -- 4.6.2 Sectoral effects -- 4.6.3. Effects on households -- 4.6.4 Effects on employment -- 4.7 POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- ANNEX 4.1: THE BANGLADESH SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX -- ANNEX 4.2: MAPPING AND CLASSIFICATION SCHEME IN THESOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX OF BANGLADESH, 2007 -- REFERENCES -- 5. IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE ON EMPLOYMENT IN BENIN -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR.

5.2.1 General characteristics of the sector -- 5.2.2 The agricultural sector's impact on society and employment -- 5.2.3 Contribution of the agricultural sector to Benin's economy -- 5.3 AGRICULTURE AND FOREIGN TRADE -- 5.3.1 Imports -- 5.3.2 Exports -- 5.3.3 Trading partners -- 5.4 TRADE POLICIES -- 5.4.1 Common External Tariff -- 5.4.2 ACP-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) -- 5.4.3 Other reforms -- 5.5 EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- 5.5.1 Trends in the labour force -- 5.5.2 Patterns and trends in employment -- 5.5.3 The labour force at work -- 5.6 GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE ON JOBS -- 5.6.1 Methodology -- 5.7 CONCLUSIONS -- ANNEXES -- REFERENCES -- 6. FOREIGN TRADE AND AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN GUATEMALA -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN GUATEMALA -- 6.2.1 Characterization of the agricultural worker -- 6.2.2 Characterization of the agricultural employer -- 6.2.3 Governmental and non-governmental entities that supportagro-export activities -- 6.3 FOREIGN TRADE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -- 6.3.1 Evolution of traditional exports -- 6.3.2 Evolution of non-traditional exports -- 6.3.3 Agricultural exports -- 6.3.4 Main destinations for agricultural exports -- 6.3.5 Evolution of agricultural imports -- 6.4 TRADE AGREEMENTS SIGNED BY GUATEMALA THATINCLUDE RULES ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -- 6.4.1 The policy of trade liberalization -- 6.4.2 Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free TradeAgreement -- 6.4.3 Other trade agreements signed by Guatemala -- 6.4.4 Association Agreement between the European Union and CentralAmerica -- 6.5 EFFECTS OF PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS ON AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN GUATEMALA -- 6.5.1 Econometric model -- 6.5.2 Social Accounting Matrix -- 6.6 AGRICULTURAL LABOUR LEGISLATION AND TRADE UNIONS -- 6.6.1. Constitutional legislation.

6.6.2. International legislation -- 6.6.3 Labour Code -- 6.6.4 Compliance with labour legislation -- 6.6.5 Trade unions in the agricultural sector -- 6.7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 6.7.1 Conclusions -- 6.7.2 Recommendations -- ANNEX: RESULTS OF THE REGRESSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7. TRADE, PRODUCTIVITY, AND EMPLOYMENT LINKAGES IN INDONESIAN AGRICULTURE -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 METHODOLOGY -- 7.2.1 The IndoLab CGE model -- 7.2.2 Analysis and findings -- 7.3 IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- ANNEX -- 8. TOWARDS A CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA IN AFRICA:A CGE MODELLING ASSESSMENT WITH A FOCUS ON AGRICULTURE -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 AFRICA'S TRADE-RELATED CHALLENGES AND THE IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE -- 8.2.2 Share of intra-African trade -- 8.2.3 Export diversification -- 8.2.4 Tariff barriers -- 8.2.5 Non-tariff barriers -- 8.3 METHODOLOGY AND TRADE REFORMS ANALYSED -- 8.3.1 Methodology -- 8.3.2 Geographic and sectoral decompositions -- 8.3.3 Trade reforms analysed -- 8.4 PRESENTATION OF MAIN RESULTS WITH A FOCUS ON AGRICULTURE -- 8.4.1 Exports -- 8.4.2 Income -- 8.4.3 Wages -- 8.4.4 Employment -- 8.4.5 Country-level effects -- 8.4.6 Trade facilitation -- 8.5 CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS -- ANNEXES -- REFERENCES -- 9. POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF WTO AND EU ACCESSION ON THE AGRICULTURALSECTOR IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- 9.3 CURRENT POLICY FRAMEWORK -- 9.3.1 Trade reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 9.3.2 Non-tariff market access measures -- 9.3.3 Barriers to exports -- 9.3.4 Domestic support -- 9.4 A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF ACCESSION ON SELECTED SENSITIVE PRODUCTS -- 9.4.1 The model -- 9.4.2 Data -- 9.4.3 The results -- 9.5 IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- ANNEX 9.1: THE GSIM MODEL -- 10. A COHERENT AGRICULTURE TRADE POLICY FOR MEXICO -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION.

10.2 THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR -- 10.3 AGRICULTURAL TRADE -- 10.4 TRADE POLICY -- 10.4.1 Market access -- 10.4.2 Domestic support -- 10.4.3 Non-tariff measures -- 10.4.4 Effect of trade policy on Mexican producers -- 10.4.5 The way ahead -- 10.5 MODEL, DATA, AND SCENARIOS -- 10.6 RESULTS -- 10.6.1 MFN scenario -- 10.6.2 Labour scenario -- 10.6.3 R&D scenario -- 10.6.4 Domestic support scenario -- 10.7 CONCLUSION -- ANNEX -- REFERENCES.