A Contemporary Approach to Substance Use Disorders and Addiction Counseling -- Table of Contents -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Drug and Alcohol Counseling: An Introduction -- Our Stories -- The Counseling Relationship -- Mistaken Images of Drug- and Alcohol-Addicted Clients -- Establishing a Genuine Helping Relationship -- Significant Aspects of This Book -- For Whom This Book Is Written -- Overview of the Book -- Summary -- Exploration Questions From Chapter 1 -- Suggested Activities -- Chapter 2: Diversity Issues in Substance Abuse Treatment -- The Role of Multicultural Awareness in Addiction Treatment -- Toward Multicultural Competence -- Culture -- Ethnicity -- Multicultural and Ethnocultural Counseling -- Individualism and Collectivism -- Spirit of Multicultural Counseling -- African American Clients and Addiction Treatment -- African American Clients and Drinking -- Clinical Examples -- African American Clients: Implications for Counseling -- Spanish-Hispanic-Latino -- Clinical Example -- Latino Clients: Implications for Counseling -- Asian American and Pacifi c Islander Clients -- Asian American and Pacifi c Islanders: Implications for Counseling -- Native American Clients -- Native American Clients: Implications for Counseling -- Women and Substance Abuse or Dependency -- Shame -- Children -- Enabling and Family Denial -- Single Mothers -- Treatment for Women -- Counselor Awareness -- Clinical Example -- Male Clients and Substance Abuse or Dependency -- Clinical Example -- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Clients -- Implications for Counseling -- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnosis -- Clinical Example -- Older Persons -- Persons With Disabilities -- International Approaches to Addiction -- Summary -- Exploration Questions From Chapter 2 -- Suggested Activities.

Chapter 3: Types of Drugs and Their Effects -- The Effect of Drugs on the Brain -- Neurotransmitters -- Factors Affecting the Response to Drugs -- Terminology -- Federal Drug Administration Schedule of Drugs -- Drug Categories -- Sedative-Hypnotics -- Alcohol -- Other Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs -- Barbiturates -- Nonbarbiturates -- Minor Tranquilizers: Benzodiazepines -- Stimulants: Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, and Cocaine -- Amphetamine -- Methamphetamine -- Cocaine -- Cannabinols -- Marijuana and Hashish -- Opiates-Narcotics -- Heroin and OxyContin -- Hallucinogens -- Lysergic Acid Diethylamide -- Phencyclidine -- Ketamine -- Inhalants -- Nitrous Oxide -- Club Drugs -- Methylenedioxyamphetamine ("Ecstasy") -- Gamma Hydroxybutyrate -- Steroids and Anabolic Steroids -- Types of Steroids -- Nicotine -- Cigarettes, Cigars, Pipes, and Smokeless Tobacco -- Over the Counter Medications -- Psychotropic Medications -- Summary -- Exploration Questions From Chapter 3 -- Suggested Activities -- Chapter 4: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Interview Techniques -- The Counselor as a Facilitative Gatekeeper -- Information Gathering -- Assessment -- Referral (How, When, and Where?) -- Prevention and Education -- Tracking and Follow-Up -- Components of a Comprehensive Assessment -- Alcohol and Drug Evaluation -- Adolescent Substance Abuse Assessment -- Alcohol and Drug Assessment Instruments -- Relapse Calendar -- CAGE -- Michigan Alcohol Screening Test -- Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-3 -- Alcohol Use Disorders Identifi cation Test -- Drug Use Screening Inventory-Revised -- Psychological Information -- Co-Occurring Disorders Assessment -- Anxiety Disorders -- Major Depression -- Suicide -- Self-Harm -- Overdoses -- Suicide Attempts -- Mental Health -- Suicidal Ideation -- Suicide Assessment -- Bipolar Disorder -- Schizophrenia -- Mental Status Evaluation.

Medical Information -- Social-Family-Relationships -- Occupational Information -- Education -- Legal Involvement -- Military Service -- Counseling Approach to Assessment: Motivational Interviewing -- Spirit of Motivational Interviewing -- Expressing Empathy -- Developing a Discrepancy -- Rolling With Resistance -- Supporting Self-Efficacy -- Types of Referrals -- Treatment Planning -- Using a Therapeutic Team Approach -- Summary -- Exploration Questions From Chapter 4 -- Suggested Activities -- Appendix 4.A: Sample Assessment Questions -- Medical Information -- Psychosocial Diagnostic Questions -- Suicide/Homicide/Self-Mutilation -- Developmental Chemical Evaluation -- Chapter 5: Continuum of Nonuse to Addiction: A Biopsychosocial Understanding -- Biopsychosocial Framework -- The Disease Concept -- Genetic Components and Biological Aspects -- Psychological Aspects and Defense System -- Temperance Movement: A Moral Model -- Cultural, Social, and Environmental Aspects -- Ecological Considerations -- Spiritual Aspects -- A Description of the Continuum of Nonuse to Addiction -- Curiosity -- Peer Acceptance -- Spiritual Emptiness -- Emotional Pain -- Stages of Change: A Transtheoretical Model of Understanding -- A Comprehensive Prevention Program -- A Model of Prevention, Education, and Referral: Application in the Continuum -- Case Application: Using the Continuum Model -- Case of Sandy -- Case of Mike -- Case of Bree -- Summary -- Exploration Questions From Chapter 5 -- Suggested Activities -- Chapter 6: Treatment and Treatment Settings -- What Is Treatment? -- Function and Goals of Treatment -- How Do Counselors Help Motivate Clients to Enter Drug and Alcohol Treatment? -- Who Can Benefit From Treatment? -- Clinical Example -- When Clients Are Ready for Treatment -- Continuum of Treatment Care -- ASAM Levels of Care -- Dimensions of Severity.

Outpatient Treatment -- Intensive Outpatient Treatment -- Partial Hospitalization Program -- Detoxification -- Inpatient Alcohol and Drug Treatment -- Halfway House -- Therapeutic Communities -- Clients in the Continuum of Treatment Care -- Mental Health Counselor Treatment Scenario -- What Are the Strategies a Counselor Can Employ at This Point? -- Precipitating Issue and Insight Into Problem -- Creating the Therapeutic Bind -- What Level of Treatment? -- Working With Client Consequences in Individual Counseling -- Confrontation or Carefrontation? -- School Counselor Scenario -- Presenting Event and Insight Into Problem -- What Level of Treatment Is Warranted? -- Preparing Clients to Accept Referrals and Help -- College Counselor Case Scenario -- Summary -- Exploration Questions From Chapter 6 -- Suggested Activities -- Chapter 7: Developmental Approaches in Treating Addiction -- Why Are Developmental Stages and Models Important for Understanding Recovery? -- How to Use This Chapter -- Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development -- Trust Versus Mistrust -- Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt -- Initiative Versus Guilt -- Industry Versus Inferiority -- Identity Versus Role Confusion -- Intimacy Versus Isolation -- Generativity Versus Stagnation -- Integrity Versus Despair -- Summation of Erikson's Stages -- Piaget's (1954) Cognitive Development -- Sensorimotor Period -- Preoperational Period -- Concrete Operational Period -- Formal Operations -- Application of Piaget to Clinical Work With Addicted Clients -- Kohlberg's Moral Development Stages -- Preconventional Period -- Conventional Period -- Postconventional Period -- Developmental Models of Recovery -- Brown's Developmental Model of Recovery -- Drinking Stage -- Transition Stage -- Early Recovery Stage -- Ongoing Recovery Stage -- Application of Brown's Developmental Recovery Stages With a Client.

Commentary -- Gorski's Developmental Model of Recovery -- Transition Stage -- Stabilization -- Postacute Withdrawal -- Early Recovery Stage -- Middle Recovery Stage -- Late Recovery Stage -- Maintenance Stage -- Application of Gorski's Developmental Model of Recovery With a Client -- Gideon's Model of Recovery -- Application of Gideon's Model of Recovery -- Summary -- Exploration Questions From Chapter 7 -- Suggested Activities -- Chapter 8: Family and Addiction -- Bepko and Krestan Stage Theory -- Family Life Cycle -- Family Roles in Addicted Families -- The Hero -- The Scapegoat -- The Lost Child -- The Mascot -- The Alcoholic or Addict -- The Coalcoholic or Coaddict -- Al-Anon, Nar-Anon, Al-a-Teen, Families Anonymous, and ACOA Support Meetings -- Intervention Strategies for Both Family and Addicted Member -- Case Example: Tawny -- Intervention Approaches -- Tawny's Intervention -- Summary -- Exploration Questions From Chapter 8 -- Suggested Activities -- Chapter 9: Grief and Loss in Addiction -- Kübler-Ross -- Denial -- Anger -- Bartering -- Depression -- Acceptance -- Worden -- Task 1: Accepting the Reality of the Loss -- Task 2: Working Through the Pain of the Loss -- Task 3: Adjust to an Environment in Which the Deceased (Substance) Is Missing -- Task 4: To Emotionally Relocate the Deceased and Move on With Life -- Multicultural Issues and the Grief, Loss, and Mourning Process -- Summary -- Exploration Questions From Chapter 9 -- Suggested Activities -- Chapter 10: Group Counseling and Addiction -- What Is Group Therapy? -- Comparison of Inpatient Versus Outpatient Addiction Group Counseling -- Psychoeducational Groups -- Early Intervention Motivational Groups -- Prescreening Clients for Groups -- Informed Consent -- Confidentiality in the Group.

Creation and Development of an Outpatient, School, or Community Mental Health Group: What Is Needed?.