Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- 1 Understanding Political Democratisation at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century -- Algeria and the third wave of democratic transitions -- Islam and the 'West': a clash of ideologies in Algeria -- New political actors for a new international order -- 2 Political Ideas and Practices in Historical Perspective -- Genealogies of state power: colonial experiences, post-colonial dilemmas -- Historical perspectives on Islamic fundamentalist ideology: a pragmatic account -- 3 The Algerian Political Transition: Democratic Symbols and Authoritarian Practices (1988-91) -- The 1988 October riots: the symbol of a new era -- The Algerian democratic transition: successes and failures -- 4 The 1992 Coup d'État and Beyond: War as Politics Through Other Means (1992-94) -- The 1992 coup d'état -- The military in control: the repressive option -- The Islamic movement: from political opposition to 'holy' war -- 5 A New Authoritarianism: Guided Democracy Versus Radical Islam (1995-2000) -- The recomposition of the political field -- Electoral marketing: formal representation and informal authoritarianism -- On the margins of politics: the military and the Islamic guerrillas -- 6 A Civil Society in Transition: Survivalist Strategies and Social Protest -- Coping with violence and deprivation: survivalist strategies -- The articulation of social protest: defying the regime -- 7 The International Arena: Strengths and Weaknesses of the New World Order -- The political economy of the conflict: the role of international actors -- Algeria as the future of democratisation in the Muslim world -- Exporting the jihad: the internationalisation of radical Islamic actors -- 8 Conclusion: Learning and Unlearning to be Democratic -- Notes -- References -- Index -- Abdelkader, Emir, 20 -- Abdessallam, Belaid 111-12.

Abdessallam, Belaid, 64 -- Abduh, Muhammad 27-31 -- 27-31 -- 33-4 -- Afghani, Djaffar al- 69 -- Afghani, Jamal al- 27-8 -- 27-8 -- 30 -- 33-4 -- Afghanistan 15 -- 15 -- 17 -- 68 -- 124 -- 126 -- Ain Hamra 96 -- Ait Ahmed, Hocine 23 -- 23 -- 52 -- 79 -- Al-Qaida 14-15 -- 14-15 -- 124 -- 126 -- Algiers 20 -- 20 -- 39-42 -- 46 -- 48 -- 50 -- 52 -- 58-60 -- 64-5 -- 68 -- 73 -- 78 -- 80 -- 89-91 -- 100 -- 103-5 -- 107 -- Bab-el-Oued, 46 -- Bab-el-Oued, 90 -- Batna, 51 -- Batna, 59 -- Batna, 67 -- Bejaia, 80 -- Bejaia, 106 -- Belcourt, 41 -- Belcourt, 90 -- Belcourt, 100 -- Belcourt, 102 -- Constantine, 39-40 -- Constantine, 48 -- Constantine, 97 -- Mitidja, 89-90 -- Oran, 41 -- Oran, 48 -- Oran, 80 -- Oran, 97 -- Oran, 99 -- Oran, 105 -- Tizi-Ouzou, 41 -- Tizi-Ouzou, 80 -- Tizi-Ouzou, 104 -- Tizi-Ouzou, 106-7 -- Althusser, Louis 6 -- Amnesty laws 74 -- 74 -- 82 -- 91 -- 136 -- Anarchism 8 -- 8 -- 15 -- 35 -- 108 -- 129 -- Annan, Kofi 118 -- Arab Socialism 13 -- 13 -- 23 -- 37 -- 49 -- 64 -- Armed Islamic Groups / Groupements Islamiques Armés [GIA] 14-16 -- 14-16 -- 69-75 -- 88-92 -- 96 -- 101 -- 104 -- 112 -- 114 -- 124-5 -- Armed Islamic Movement / Mouvement Islamique Armé [MIA] 68-71 -- Armstrong, David 13 -- Assabiyya 24-5 -- Assassination campaigns 69-70 -- 69-70 -- 75 -- 89-90 -- 104 -- 112 -- 114 -- Association of Mujahidin [also association of war veterans] 57 -- 57 -- 62-3 -- 79 -- Authoritarianism 12 -- 12 -- 15 -- 19 -- 25 -- 62 -- 66 -- 72-82 -- 117 -- 119 -- Banna, Hassan al- 31 -- Belhadj, Ali 41 -- 41 -- 43 -- 46 -- 50-1 -- 73 -- 78 -- 82 -- 102-3 -- 132 -- Belkheir, Gen. Larbi 55 -- Belloucif, Gen. Mustapha 63 -- Ben Ali, President Zine El Abidine 57 -- Ben Badis, Sheikh Abdelhamid 30 -- 30 -- 32 -- Ben Bella, Ahmed 23 -- Benaicha, Ahmed 77 -- Benhabiles, Abdelmélik 55 -- Benhamouda, Abdelhak 52 -- Benkhelil, H. 55.

Bensaid, Boualem 125 -- Berber Cultural Movement /Mouvement Culturel Berbère [MCB] 105-6 -- 105-6 -- 108 -- Berber minority 23 -- 23 -- 46 -- 60 -- aarch movement 107 -- aarch movement 134 -- Berber Spring 37 -- 37 -- 104 -- 106 -- insurrection of 104-6 -- insurrection of 106-8 -- insurrection of 1988 -- insurrection of 2001 -- Bergson, Henri 33 -- Berque, Jacques 22 -- Betchine, Col. Mohammed 86 -- Bin Laden, Osama 14 -- 14 -- 92 -- 124 -- Blood feuds 94-6 -- Boudiaf, Mohammed 23 -- 23 -- 53-4 -- 57 -- 59-60 -- 62-4 -- 111 -- Boukhamkham, Abdelkader 72 -- Boukrouh, Noureddine 79 -- Boumediene, Houari 83-4 -- Bourdieu, Pierre 10 -- 10 -- 102 -- Bourgeoisie 120-1 -- Bouteflika, Abdelaziz 79-82 -- 79-82 -- 107 -- 115 -- Brahimi, Abdelhamid 44 -- Brahimi, Lakhdar 55 -- Burgat, François 37 -- Bush, George W. 14 -- 14 -- 17 -- 126 -- Carrel, Alexis 33 -- Chadli Benjedid 53 -- 53 -- 59-60 -- 66 -- 78 -- and the military, 83-4 -- and the October riots, 39-42 -- and the strike of 50-1 -- and the strike of 1991 -- Chadli's reforms 43-49 -- Chadli's resignation 55 -- 55 -- 62 -- Chebouti, Abdelkader 68 -- Chirac, Jacques 74 -- Civil society 16 -- 16 -- 38 -- 98-9 -- 120 -- 130 -- 137 -- Berber & Kabyle associations, 37 -- Berber & Kabyle associations, 98 -- Berber & Kabyle associations, 103-8 -- Islamic charities & associations, 37-8 -- Islamic charities & associations, 61 -- Islamic charities & associations, 70 -- Islamic charities & associations, 98-104 -- Islamic charities & associations, 107 -- Civil war [also civil conflict] 16-17 -- 16-17 -- 82 -- 85 -- 88-97 -- 118 -- 128 -- 131 -- Clans 23-4 -- in the military, 23-4 -- in the military, 66 -- in the military, 83 -- in the social system, 23-4 -- in the social system, 94-5 -- clash of civilisations thesis 2 -- 2 -- 6 -- 9 -- 13 -- European/Western, 20-3 -- European/Western, 27-9.

European/Western, 33-4 -- Islamic, 27-9 -- Islamic, 33-4 -- Colburn, Forrest 5 -- Cold War 4 -- 4 -- 12-13 -- 117-9 -- Colonial period 19-22 -- French colonisation, 19-22 -- mission civilisatrice, 20-1 -- war of independence, 22-3 -- Communism 2 -- 2 -- 9 -- 35 -- 118 -- Constitution 46-7 -- 46-7 -- 76 -- Corruption 63 -- 63 -- 113 -- Cultural politics [also identity politics] 1 -- 1 -- 6-9 -- 13 -- 98 -- Debt rescheduling 110-15 -- Democracy 11-12 -- Islamic democracy, 11-12 -- Islamic democracy, 102-3 -- Islamic democracy, 135 -- liberal democracy, 3-7 -- liberal democracy, 12 -- liberal democracy, 129-30 -- liberal democracy, 136-7 -- promotion of, 117-19 -- pseudo-democracy, 86-7 -- pseudo-democracy, 121-2 -- pseudo-democracy, 136-7 -- Democratisation 1-3 -- 1-3 -- 6-8 -- 12 -- 15 -- 27 -- 43-9 -- 128-9 -- 132 -- Democrats 5 -- 5 -- 9 -- 12 -- 130 -- 134 -- Diamond, Larry 18 -- Djaballah, Abdallah 79-80 -- Djeddi, Ali 72 -- 72 -- 102 -- Dunn, John 1 -- Eastern Europe 4 -- 4 -- 117 -- 123 -- economic crisis 37-8 -- 37-8 -- 43-5 -- 48 -- 60 -- 95-8 -- 110-12 -- economic liberalisation 39 -- 39 -- 48 -- 94-5 -- 113-14 -- 120-1 -- economic redistribution 38-9 -- 38-9 -- 94-5 -- 131 -- informal economy [also black market], 39 -- informal economy [also black market], 94 -- informal economy [also black market], 96 -- informal economy [also black market], 98 -- rentier economy, 115 -- rentier economy, 120-1 -- state enterprises, 97 -- state enterprises, 117 -- state planning, 94-5 -- state planning, 97 -- Educative system 31-2 -- 31-2 -- 38 -- 99 -- 105 -- Egypt 13 -- 13 -- 21 -- 27-8 -- 30-2 -- 35 -- 57 -- 121 -- Elections [Algeria] 1990 [local], 47-50 1991-92 [parliamentary], 52, 55-8 1995 [presidential], 74-6, 89 1997 [local], 76, 78, 90 1997 [parliamentary], 76-7 1997 [senatorial], 78 1999 [presidential] 79-81 -- 79-81.

91 -- Ennahda [party] 47 -- 47 -- 77-8 -- 80-1 -- Esposito, John 3 -- Eulmi, Omar al- 69 -- Europe 49 -- 49 -- 70 -- 111 -- 116 -- 118 -- 123 -- 126-7 -- 130 -- European Union [EU] 17 -- 17 -- 58 -- 74 -- 111 -- 115-16 -- 119 -- 126 -- Family networks see -- see -- 14 -- 25 -- 93-4 -- 96 -- 99 -- Fanon, Franz 22 -- Fascism 9 -- 9 -- 33 -- 35 -- Food riots 40-1 -- France 123-6 -- French foreign policy 53 -- 53 -- 57-8 -- 70 -- 74 -- 80 -- 110-12 -- 114 -- 123-5 -- GIA attacks in, 15-7 -- GIA attacks in, 88 -- GIA attacks in, 124-5 -- Fukuyama, Francis 3 -- 3 -- 9 -- 117 -- Gellner, Ernest 7 -- General Union of Algerian Workers /Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens [UGTA] 52 -- 52 -- 63 -- Ghozali, Sid Ahmed 53 -- 53 -- 55 -- 79 -- 133-4 -- Golden Age of Islam 30-1 -- Gousmi, Cherif 88 -- Gramsci, Antonio 6 -- Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat [GSPC] / Dawa wa Jihad 91 -- 91 -- 126 -- Guenaizia, Abdelmalek 55 -- Guizot, François 27-8 -- Gulf War 13 -- 13 -- 17 -- 49 -- 110 -- 117 -- Hachani, Abdelkader 51-2 -- 51-2 -- 56-8 -- 61 -- 67 -- 73 -- 77 -- 82 -- Haddam, Tidjani 57 -- 57 -- 59 -- Hamas [party] see also -- see also -- 74 -- 76-7 -- Hamrouche, Mouloud 48 -- 48 -- 51 -- 79 -- 84 -- Hanoune, Louisa 79 -- Haroun, Ali 57 -- Hattab, Hassan 91-2 -- 91-2 -- 108 -- High Security Council / Haut Conseil de Sécurité [HCS] 55-60 -- Human rights 3 -- 3 -- 17 -- 57 -- Huntington, Samuel 2 -- 2 -- 5-7 -- 9 -- 13 -- 117 -- Hussain, Saddam 49 -- 49 -- 118 -- Ibn Khaldun 23-5 -- Ideology 3-4 -- 3-4 -- 6-7 -- 13 -- 19-20 -- 37-8 -- 49 -- clash of ideologies, 7-10 -- clash of ideologies, 125 -- clash of ideologies, 127 -- Ijtihad 29 -- 29 -- 103 -- Imams 31 -- 31 -- 58-9 -- 61-2 -- in Algeria 32 -- 32 -- 44 -- 67 -- 100-2 -- 129 -- 132 -- in Europe 123-5 -- Industrialisation 64 -- 64 -- 111 -- 113 -- Institutional reform 121-2 -- 121-2.

128-30.