CONTENTS -- About this Book -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Scientific Considerations and Choice of Species -- Chapter 1.1 The Rationale for the Use of Animal Models in Biomedical Research Pierce Chow -- The Place of Experimental Studies in Biomedical Research -- Models in Biomedical Research -- Animal Models in Biomedical Research -- What Makes a Good Animal Model? -- Consideration in the Selection of an Appropriate Animal Model -- Specific Animal Models -- Some Special Roles of Animal Models -- A Short History of the Use of Animal Models in Biomedical Science -- The Limitations of Animal Models -- Chapter 1.2 Experimental Animal Models in Biomedical Research Robert Ng -- Mice and Rats -- Pig -- Sheep -- Rabbit -- Golden or Syrian Hamster -- Guinea Pig -- Nonhuman Primates -- Chapter 1.3 Nonhuman Primates as Models in Biomedical Research Jason Villano and Bryan Ogden -- Old World Monkeys (OWM) -- Anatomy and Physiology -- Current Uses in Biomedical Research -- Future Advances in Primate Models -- Chapter 2 Regulatory Considerations in the Use of Animal Models -- Chapter 2.1 Laws, Regulations and Guidelines for Biomedical Research in Singapore Boon Theng Kuah -- Law and Ethics -- Biomedical Research Bill 2003 -- BAC Recommendations -- Animal Research -- Animals and Birds Act -- Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA) -- Powers of the AVA -- NACLAR Guidelines -- Responsibilities of Researchers under NACLAR -- Important Principles -- Chapter 2.2 The Functions of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Pierce Chow -- The IACUC in Singapore -- Authority, Composition and Qualifications of the IACUC -- The Training of IACUC Members -- Specific Responsibilities of the IACUC -- Review of Proposals for Research Projects -- Investigations of Animal Welfare and Biosafety Complaints.

Central Role of the IACUC -- Chapter 2.3 Responsibilities of Principal Investigators and Research Protocol Evaluation Hock Soo Ong -- Responsibilities of Investigators -- IACUC Criteria for Evaluation of Research Project Proposal -- Chapter 2.4 The 3R's, Research Variables and the Use of Alternatives Hock Soo Ong -- Replacement -- Reduction -- Refinement -- Chapter 2.5 Use of Statistics as Determinant for Number of Animals Used Huihua Li -- Power Analysis for Determining the Number of Animals to be Used -- Variable -- Chapter 2.6 The Advantages of Accreditation with AAALAC Bryan Ogden -- History and Organization -- Standards -- Becoming AAALAC Accredited -- Programme Status Evaluations -- Entitlements of AAALAC Accreditation -- Quality Animal Care, Better Science -- Ongoing Benefits -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Animal Handling and Surgical Procedures -- Chapter 3.1 General Handling, Restraint, Oral Dosing/Gavage and Injections in Laboratory Animals Bryan Ogden -- Handling and Restraint -- Injections -- Chapter 3.2 Blood Collection from Laboratory Animals Jason Villano -- Bleeding Techniques -- Chapter 3.3 Antibiotic Coverage and Therapy Darvi Sergio -- Factors Influencing Application of Antibiotic Therapy -- Use of Antibiotics in Surgery -- Guidelines for Prudent Antibiotic Use -- Chapter 3.4 Animal Preparation and Transport Robert Ng -- Sourcing and Transportation -- Quarantine and Acclimation -- Chapter 3.5 Preparation and Implementation of Animal Surgery Robert Ng -- Animal Preparation -- Chapter 3.6 Animal Intubation Robert Ng -- Pig -- Rabbit -- Mice and Rat -- Nonhuman Primates -- Sheep -- Chapter 3.7 Anaesthesia and Maintenance of Homeostasis Robert Ng -- Anaesthetic Agent -- Pre-operative Preparation -- Intra-operative Anaesthetic Management -- Chapter 3.8 Animal Euthanasia Darvi Sergio -- Criteria for Euthanasia -- Methods of Euthanasia.

Chapter 3.9 Rodent Sentinel Programme Peik Khin Tan -- Selection of Sentinel Animal -- Age and Sex of Sentinel -- Number of Sentinels and Identification -- Caging, Husbandry, Handling and Exposure -- Frequency of Testing and Replacement of Sentinels -- Chapter 4 Basic Animal Investigative Methods -- Chapter 4.1 Bioimaging in Animals David Ng, Sidney Yu, S. Somanesan, Manjing Lin, Lin Zheng, Lai Chun Ong, Irene Kee and Choon Hua Thng -- PART I: MicroPET -- Basics of PET imaging -- Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) -- Challenges in Small Animal Imaging -- Applications of Molecular Imaging with MicroPET -- Use of Animal Models as Disease Investigative Tool - Possibility of Interventions -- Testing of New Drugs and Their Efficacy -- PART II: MicroCT -- Rigaku R_mcT Series microCT (RmCT) -- Soft Tissue Imaging Using the Fenestra Solution -- Representative CT Image -- Chapter 4.2 Histology Sampling and Techniques In Chin Song -- Tissue Fixative -- Treatment of Mineral Hard Tissues -- Tissue Processing -- Microtomy -- Histological Staining -- Selection of Special Stains -- Chapter 4.3 Animal Tissue Perfusion and Preservation Robert Ng -- Liver -- Brain and Eye -- Abdominal Organs -- Cold Preservation -- Chapter 4.4 Animal Cell Culture Kai Zhang and Peggy Yong -- General Principles of Cell Culture -- Cell Culture Sterile Techniques -- Chapter 4.5 Application of Microsurgical Techniques in Animal Research Bien Keem Tan, Evan Woo, Colin Tham, In Chin Song, Angela Goh and Bien Soo Tan -- Microcirculation Studies -- Flap Prefabrication -- Tissue Engineered Flaps -- Chapter 5 Animal Welfare Considerations -- Chapter 5.1 Species Specific Caging Configuration and Design Cindy Phua -- Caging Systems -- Cage Design -- Cage Accessories -- Other Caging Systems -- Standards for Housing and Environmental Conditions.

Chapter 5.2 Postoperative Care and Pain Management Jason Villano -- Postoperative Support -- Pain Management -- Chapter 5.3 Animal Feeds and Nutritional Requirements Peik Khin Tan -- Nutritional Requirements for Rodents -- Nutritional Requirements for Rabbits -- Nutritional Requirements for Nonhuman Primates (NHPs) -- Nutritional Requirements for Swines -- Nutritional Requirements for Other Laboratory Animals -- Chapter 6 Safety Management of an Animal Facility -- Chapter 6.1 Occupational Health and Safety Programme Angela Goh -- Setting Up an Occupational Health and Safety Programme -- Occupational Health and Safety Programme Components -- Chapter 6.2 New Employee and External Users Orientation Inria Kurniawan Then -- External Users Orientation -- New Employee Orientation -- Chapter 6.3 Radiation Safety Awareness in Animal Research S. Somanesan -- Radioactivity -- Radiation Safety Programme -- Use of Radionuclides in Animals -- Workplace Radiation Monitoring -- Summary of Good Laboratory Practices -- Radioactive Spills -- Radioactive Waste -- Chapter 6.4 Emergency Crisis Management Irene Kee -- Communication Outreach and Control -- Disaster Prevention and Preparedness -- Disease Outbreak Containment -- Animal Escape -- Workplace Accidents -- Chapter 6.5 Zoonoses and Laboratory Animal Allergies Jason Villano -- Laboratory Animal Allergy (LAA) -- Zoonoses -- Exposure Control -- Chapter 7 Supporting Facilities Design -- Chapter 7.1 Clinical Skills Laboratory Robert Ng -- Microsurgery Course -- Responsible Care and Use of Laboratory Animal Course -- Robotic-assisted Animal Laparoscopic Surgery Training Course -- Chapter 7.2 Animal Research Supporting Laboratories Robert Ng -- Histopathology Laboratory -- Necropsy Room -- Quarantine Station -- Procedure Room -- Bioimaging Centre -- Operating Theatre -- Microsurgery Laboratory.

Chapter 7.3 Animal Research and Housing Facilities Robert Ng -- Room Ventilation -- Air Change and Pressure -- Temperature and Humidity -- Power and Lighting -- Noise Control -- Storage Areas -- Room Interior Construct -- Corridor -- Sanitation -- Chapter 8 The Development of Comprehensive Animal Facilities in Singapore -- Chapter 8.1 History of the Department of Experimental Surgery as a Reflection of Translational Research Development in Singapore Robert Ng -- Core Manpower and Key Institutional Representative -- Facilities (Major Sites) -- Appendix 1 Accredited Laboratories for Import of Experimental Animals -- Appendix 2 Radiation Safety Data -- Radiation Safety Data -- Appendix 3 Anaesthesia for Laboratory Animals -- Appendix 4 Analgesics and Therapeutics for Laboratory Animals -- Primates -- Swine -- Mice -- Rats -- Rabbits -- Appendix 5 Passively Transmitted Zoonotic Organisms -- References -- Index and Keywords.