Space-Time Codes and MIMO Systems -- Contents vii -- Preface xiii -- Acknowledgments xv -- Chapter 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 The Crowded Spectrum 1 -- 1.2 Need for High Data Rates 1 -- 1.3 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems 6 -- 1.4 Internet Protocol 8 -- 1.5 Wireless Internet Protocol 11 -- References 12 -- Chapter 2 The MIMO Wireless Channel 15 -- 2.1 Introduction 15 -- 2.2 Preliminaries 15 -- 2.3 MIMO System Model 20 -- 2.4 MIMO System Capacity 22 -- 2.5 Channel Unknown to the Transmitter 23 -- 2.6 Channel Known to the Transmitter 24 -- 2.7 Deterministic Channels 27 -- 2.8 Random Channels 29 -- 2.9 Influence of Fading Correlation on MIMO Capacity 32 -- 2.10 Influence of LOS on MIMO Capacity 35 -- 2.11 Influence of XPD on MIMO Capacity 38 -- 2.12 Keyhole Effect: Degenerate Channels 39 -- 2.13 Capacity of Frequency Selective MIMO Channels 42 -- References 45 -- Chapter 3 Channel Propagation, Fading, and Link Budget Analysis 47 -- 3.1 Introduction 47 -- 3.2 Radio Wave Propagation 47 -- 3.3 Large-Scale Fading or Macroscopic Fading 50 -- 3.4 Small-Scale Fading 57 -- 3.5 Microscopic Fading Measurements 65 -- 3.6 Antenna Diversity 69 -- References 73 -- Chapter 4 Space-Time Block Coding 75 -- 4.1 Introduction 75 -- 4.2 Delay Diversity Scheme 75 -- 4.3 Alamouti Space-Time Code 76 -- 4.4 Space-Time Block Codes 80 -- 4.5 Decoding of STBC 86 -- 4.6 Simulation Results 88 -- 4.7 Imperfect Channel Estimation: A Performance Analysis 92 -- 4.8 Effect of Antenna Correlation on Performance 97 -- 4.10 Capacity of OSTBC Channels 100 -- 4.11 Simulation Exercises 101 -- References 101 -- Chapter 5 Space-Time Trellis Codes 103 -- 5.1 Introduction 103 -- 5.2 Space-Time Coded Systems 103 -- 5.3 Space-Time Code Word Design Criteria 105 -- 5.4 Design of Space-Time Trellis Codes on Slow Fading Channels 107.

5.5 Design of Space-Time Trellis Codes on Fast Fading Channels 121 -- 5.6 Performance Analysis in a Slow Fading Channel 126 -- 5.7 Performance Analysis in a Fast Fading Channel 128 -- 5.8 The Effect of Imperfect Channel Estimation on Code Performance 128 -- 5.9 Effect of Antenna Correlation on Performance 130 -- 5.10 Delay Diversity as an STTC 130 -- 5.11 Comparison of STBC and STTC 131 -- 5.12 Simulation Exercises 134 -- References 135 -- Chapter 6 Layered Space-Time Codes 137 -- 6.1 Introduction 137 -- 6.2 LST Transmitters: Types of Encoding 137 -- 6.3 Layered Space-Time Coding: Design Criteria 148 -- 6.4 LST Receivers 157 -- 6.5 Iterative Receivers 161 -- 6.6 The Effect of Imperfect Channel Estimation on Code Performance 162 -- 6.7 Effect of Antenna Correlation on Performance 162 -- 6.8 Diversity Performance of SM Receivers 162 -- 6.9 Summary 163 -- 6.10 Simulation Exercises 164 -- References 164 -- Chapter 7 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 165 -- 7.1 Introduction 165 -- 7.2 Basic Principles 165 -- 7.3 OFDM 167 -- 7.4 OFDM Generation 168 -- 7.5 Synchronization Issues 171 -- 7.6 Survey of Synchronization Techniques 178 -- 7.7 Frequency Offset Estimation 189 -- 7.8 Carrier Synchronization 190 -- 7.9 Sampling-Frequency Synchronization 191 -- 7.10 Performance Analysis of Synchronization Techniques 192 -- 7.11 ML Estimation of Timing and Frequency Offset 193 -- 7.12 Carrier Synchronization 195 -- 7.13 Sampling-Frequency Synchronization 198 -- 7.14 Observations 198 -- 7.15 Suggested Solution to the Synchronization Problem 199 -- 7.16 Channel Estimation 200 -- 7.17 Peak to Average Power Ratio 200 -- 7.18 Application to Packet Transmission Systems 206 -- 7.19 Conclusions 206 -- 7.20 Simulation Exercises 207 -- References 207 -- Chapter 8 IEEE 802.11a Packet Transmission System 209 -- 8.1 Introduction 209 -- 8.2 Background 210.

8.3 Wireless LAN Topology 210 -- 8.4 IEEE 802.11 Standard Family 211 -- 8.5 WLAN Protocol Layer Architecture 212 -- 8.6 Medium Access Control 213 -- 8.7 Physical Layer 215 -- 8.8 Synchronization and Packet Detection Algorithms 224 -- 8.9 Channel Estimation 233 -- References 234 -- Chapter 9 Space-Time Coding for Broadband Channel 237 -- 9.1 Introduction 237 -- 9.2 Performance of Space-Time Coding on Frequency-Selective Fading Channels 237 -- 9.3 Space-Time Coding in Wideband OFDM Systems 239 -- 9.4 Capacity of MIMO-OFDM Systems 240 -- 9.5 Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM Systems 254 -- 9.6 CDMA-OFDM-MIMO 260 -- 9.7 Simulation Exercises 272 -- References 272 -- Chapter 10 The Way Ahead 275 -- 10.1 Introduction 275 -- 10.2 MIMO Multiuser 275 -- 10.3 Linear Dispersion Coding 280 -- 10.4 Conclusion 292 -- References 292 -- Appendix A Wideband Simulator: Description and Explanatory Notes 295 -- A.1 Introduction 295 -- A.2 Files Listing 295 -- A.3 SISO Mode 297 -- A.4 SIMO Mode 300 -- A.5 MISO/MIMO Mode 301 -- A.6 V-BLAST Mode 302 -- Reference 303 -- Appendix B Narrowband Simulator 305 -- B.1 Introduction 305 -- B.2 Description 305 -- List of Acronyms 307 -- List of Symbols 311 -- About the Author 313 -- Index 315.