CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- INTRODUCTION: ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE DAWN OF THE COLD WAR -- 1 ASHLEY'S GHOST: McCARTHYISM, SCIENCE, AND HUMAN NATURE -- 2 MATERIALISM'S FREE PASS: KARL WITTFOGEL, McCARTHYISM, AND THE " BUREAUCRATIZATION OF GUILT" -- 3 AMERICAN COLONIALISM AT THE DAWN OF THE COLD WAR -- 4 IN THE NAME OF SCIENCE: THE COLD WAR AND THE DIRECTION OF SCIENTIFIC PURSUITS -- 5 PEASANTS ON OUR MINDS: ANTHROPOLOGY, THE COLD WAR, AND THE MYTH OF PEASANT CONSERVATISM -- 6 ORGANIZING ANTHROPOLOGY: SOL TAX AND THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF ANTHROPOLOGY -- 7 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY AND THE MUNDIAL UPHEAVAL SOCIETY: A STUDY IN ACADEMIC NETWORKING -- 8 AFTERWORD: RECONCEPTUALIZING ANTHROPOLOGY'S HISTORIOGRAPHY -- CONTRIBUTORS -- INDEX.