THE HANDBOOK OF MPEG APPLICATIONS -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- MPEG Standards in Practice -- 1 HD Video Remote Collaboration Application -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Design and Architecture -- 1.2.1 Media Processing Mechanism -- 1.3 HD Video Acquisition -- 1.3.1 MPEG-4/AVC HD System Chain -- 1.4 Network and Topology Considerations -- 1.4.1 Packetization and Depacketization -- 1.4.2 Retransmission-Based Packet Recovery -- 1.4.3 Network Topology Models -- 1.4.4 Relaying -- 1.4.5 Extension to Wireless Networks -- 1.5 Real-Time Transcoding -- 1.6 HD Video Rendering -- 1.6.1 Rendering Multiple Simultaneous HD Video Streams on a Single Machine -- 1.6.2 Deinterlacing -- 1.7 Other Challenges -- 1.7.1 Audio Handling -- 1.7.2 Video Streaming -- 1.7.3 Stream Format Selection -- 1.8 Other HD Streaming Systems -- 1.9 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 2 MPEG Standards in Media Production, Broadcasting and Content Management -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Content in the Context of Production and Management -- 2.2.1 Requirements on Video and Audio Encoding Standards -- 2.2.2 Requirements on Metadata Standards in CMS and Production -- 2.3 MPEG Encoding Standards in CMS and Media Production -- 2.3.1 MPEG-1 -- 2.3.2 MPEG-2-Based Formats and Products -- 2.3.3 MPEG-4 -- 2.3.4 Summary -- 2.4 MPEG-7 and Beyond -- 2.4.1 MPEG-7 in the Context of Content Management, Broadcasting and Media Production -- 2.4.2 MPEG-21 and its Impact on Content Management and Media Production -- 2.4.3 Summary -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Quality Assessment of MPEG-4 Compressed Videos -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Previous Work -- 3.3 Quality Assessment of MPEG-4 Compressed Video -- 3.3.1 Spatial Quality Assessment -- 3.3.2 Temporal Quality Assessment -- 3.3.3 Pooling Strategy -- 3.3.4 MPEG-4 Specific Quality Assessment -- 3.3.5 Relationship to Human Visual System.

3.4 MPEG-4 Compressed Videos in Wireless Environments -- 3.4.1 Videos for the Study -- 3.4.2 The Study -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Exploiting MPEG-4 Capabilities for Personalized Advertising in Digital TV -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Related Work -- 4.3 Enabling the New Advertising Model -- 4.3.1 Broadcasting Ad-Free TV Programs and Advertising Material -- 4.3.2 Identifying the Most Suitable Items for Each Viewer -- 4.3.3 Integrating the Selected Material in the Scenes of the TV Programs -- 4.3.4 Delivering Personalized Commercial Functionalities -- 4.4 An Example -- 4.5 Experimental Evaluation -- 4.5.1 Technical Settings -- 4.5.2 Evaluation Methodology and Results -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Using MPEG Tools in Video Summarization -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Related Work -- 5.2.1 Video Summarization -- 5.2.2 Video Adaptation -- 5.3 A Summarization Framework Using MPEG Standards -- 5.4 Generation of Summaries Using MPEG-4 AVC -- 5.4.1 Coding Units and Summarization Units -- 5.4.2 Modalities of Video Summaries -- 5.5 Description of Summaries in MPEG-7 -- 5.5.1 MPEG-7 Summarization Tools -- 5.5.2 Examples of Descriptions -- 5.6 Integrated Summarization and Adaptation Framework in MPEG-4 SVC -- 5.6.1 MPEG-21 Tools for Usage Environment Description -- 5.6.2 Summarization Units in MPEG-4 SVC -- 5.6.3 Extraction Process in MPEG-4 SVC -- 5.6.4 Including Summarization in the Framework -- 5.6.5 Further Use of MPEG-21 Tools -- 5.7 Experimental Evaluation -- 5.7.1 Test Scenario -- 5.7.2 Summarization Algorithm -- 5.7.3 Experimental Results -- 5.8 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Encryption Techniques for H.264 Video -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Demands for Video Security -- 6.3 Issues on Digital Video Encryption -- 6.3.1 Security Issue -- 6.3.2 Complexity Issue -- 6.3.3 Feasibility Issue -- 6.4 Previous Work on Video Encryption.

6.5 H.264 Video Encryption Techniques -- 6.5.1 Complete Encryption Technique -- 6.5.2 Partial Encryption Technique -- 6.5.3 DCT Coefficients Scrambling Encryption Technique -- 6.5.4 MVD Encryption Technique -- 6.5.5 Entropy Coding Encryption Technique -- 6.5.6 Zig-Zag Scanning Encryption Technique -- 6.5.7 Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO) Encryption Technique -- 6.5.8 Intraprediction Mode Encryption Technique -- 6.6 A H.264 Encryption Scheme Based on CABAC and Chaotic Stream Cipher -- 6.6.1 Related Work -- 6.6.2 New H.264 Encryption Scheme -- 6.6.3 Chaotic Stream Cipher -- 6.6.4 CABAC Encryption -- 6.6.5 Experimental Results and Analysis -- 6.7 Concluding Remarks and Future Works -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Optimization Methods for H.264/AVC Video Coding -- 7.1 Introduction to Video Coding Optimization Methods -- 7.2 Rate Control Optimization -- 7.2.1 Rate-Distortion Theory -- 7.2.2 Rate Control Algorithms -- 7.2.3 Rate-Distortion Optimization -- 7.3 Computational Complexity Control Optimization -- 7.3.1 Motion Estimation Algorithm -- 7.3.2 Motion Estimation Search Area -- 7.3.3 Rate-Distortion Optimization -- 7.3.4 DCT Block Size -- 7.3.5 Frame Rate -- 7.3.6 Constant Computational Complexity -- 7.4 Joint Computational Complexity and Rate Control Optimization -- 7.4.1 Computational Complexity and Bit Allocation Problems -- 7.4.2 Optimal Coding Modes Selection -- 7.4.3 C-R-D Approach for Solving Encoding Computational Complexity and Bit Allocation Problems -- 7.4.4 Allocation of Computational Complexity and Bits -- 7.5 Transform Coding Optimization -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- 8 Spatiotemporal H.264/AVC Video Adaptation with MPEG-21 -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Background -- 8.2.1 Spatial Adaptation -- 8.2.2 Temporal Adaptation -- 8.3 Literature Review -- 8.4 Compressed-Domain Adaptation of H.264/AVC Video.

8.4.1 Compressed Video and Metadata Generation -- 8.4.2 Adapting the Video -- 8.4.3 Slicing Strategies -- 8.4.4 Performance Evaluation -- 8.5 On-line Video Adaptation for P2P Overlays -- 8.5.1 Adaptation/Streaming Capability of Peers -- 8.5.2 Peer Joining -- 8.5.3 Peer Departure -- 8.5.4 Video Buffering, Adaptation, and Transmission -- 8.6 Quality of Experience (QoE) -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Image Clustering and Retrieval Using MPEG-7 -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Usage of MPEG-7 in Image Clustering and Retrieval -- 9.2.1 Representation of Image Data -- 9.2.2 State of the Art in Image Clustering and Retrieval -- 9.2.3 Image Clustering and Retrieval Systems Based on MPEG-7 -- 9.2.4 Evaluation of MPEG-7 Features -- 9.3 Multimodal Vector Representation of an Image Using MPEG-7 Color Descriptors -- 9.3.1 Visual Keyword Generation -- 9.3.2 Text Keyword Generation -- 9.3.3 Combining Visual and Text Keywords to Create a Multimodal Vector Representation -- 9.4 Dimensionality Reduction of Multimodal Vector Representation Using a Nonlinear Diffusion Kernel -- 9.5 Experiments -- 9.5.1 Image Dataset -- 9.5.2 Image Clustering Experiments -- 9.5.3 Image Retrieval Experiments -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- 10 MPEG-7 Visual Descriptors and Discriminant Analysis -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Literature Review -- 10.3 Discriminant Power of Single Visual Descriptor -- 10.3.1 Feature Distance -- 10.3.2 Applications Using Single Visual Descriptor -- 10.3.3 Evaluation of Single Visual Descriptor -- 10.4 Discriminant Power of the Aggregated Visual Descriptors -- 10.4.1 Feature Aggregation -- 10.4.2 Applications Using the Aggregated Visual Descriptors -- 10.4.3 Evaluation of the Aggregated Visual Descriptors -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- 11 An MPEG-7 Profile for Collaborative Multimedia Annotation -- 11.1 Introduction.

11.2 MPEG-7 as a Means for Collaborative Multimedia Annotation -- 11.3 Experiment Design -- 11.4 Research Method -- 11.5 Results -- 11.5.1 Tag Usage -- 11.5.2 Effect of Time -- 11.6 MPEG-7 Profile -- 11.6.1 The Content Model -- 11.6.2 User Details -- 11.6.3 Archives -- 11.6.4 Implications -- 11.7 Related Research Work -- 11.8 Concluding Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 12 Domain Knowledge Representation in Semantic MPEG-7 Descriptions -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 MPEG-7-Based Domain Knowledge Representation -- 12.3 Domain Ontology Representation -- 12.3.1 Ontology Declaration Representation -- 12.4 Property Representation -- 12.4.1 Property Value Representation -- 12.5 Class Representation -- 12.6 Representation of Individuals -- 12.7 Representation of Axioms -- 12.8 Exploitation of the Domain Knowledge Representation in Multimedia Applications and Services -- 12.8.1 Reasoning Support -- 12.8.2 Semantic-Based Multimedia Content Retrieval -- 12.8.3 Semantic-Based Multimedia Content Filtering -- 12.9 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Survey of MPEG-7 Applications in the Multimedia Lifecycle -- 13.1 MPEG-7 Annotation Tools -- 13.2 MPEG-7 Databases and Retrieval -- 13.3 MPEG-7 Query Language -- 13.4 MPEG-7 Middleware -- 13.5 MPEG-7 Mobile -- 13.6 Summarization and Outlook -- References -- 14 Using MPEG Standards for Content-Based Indexing of Broadcast Television, Web, and Enterprise Content -- 14.1 Background on Content-Based Indexing and Retrieval -- 14.2 MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 in ETSI TV-Anytime -- 14.3 MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 in ATIS IPTV Specifications -- 14.4 MEPG-21 in the Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) -- 14.5 Content Analysis for MPEG-7 Metadata Generation -- 14.6 Representing Content Analysis Results Using MPEG-7 -- 14.6.1 Temporal Decompositions -- 14.6.2 Temporal Decompositions for Video Shots -- 14.6.3 Spatial Decompositions.

14.6.4 Textual Content.