Front cover -- Title page -- Copyright -- Table of contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 THE PROBLEM OF AUTO THEFT -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 OVERVIEW -- 1.2.1 Motives -- 1.2.2 Modus Operandi -- 1.2.3 Perpetrators -- 1.3 STATISTICAL DATA AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE -- 1.3.1 Global Picture -- 1.3.2 Evolution in Number of Stolen Vehicles with Time -- 1.3.3 Comparison Between Countries -- 1.3.4 US Geographical Statistics -- 1.3.5 Most Commonly Stolen Vehicles in the United States -- 1.3.6 Recovery Rates and Other Parameters -- 1.3.7 International Trafficking -- 1.4 ENFORCEMENT AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES -- 1.4.1 Preventive Measures -- 1.4.2 Investigative Measures -- 1.5 ORGANIZATIONS -- 1.5.1 Goals -- 1.5.2 Professional Associations -- 1.5.3 Government-Sponsored Organizations -- 1.5.4 Privately Sponsored Organizations -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 2 VICTIM AND WITNESS INTERVIEWS AND COLLECTION OF CIRCUMSTANTIAL INFORMATION -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 GENERAL APPROACH TO INTERVIEWS -- 2.2.1 Initial Report -- 2.2.2 Main Interview -- 2.2.3 Identities -- 2.2.4 Quality of the Interview -- 2.3 FORMS -- 2.4 COLLECTION OF INFORMATION -- 2.4.1 Principle -- 2.4.2 Information Regarding the Vehicle -- 2.4.3 Information Regarding the Theft -- 2.4.4 Information Regarding Vehicle Recovery -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 3 GENERAL CRIME SCENE CONSIDERATIONS AND DOCUMENTATION -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 NOTIFICATION AND INITIAL ASSESSMENT -- 3.3 SCENE ATTENDANCE -- 3.4 SCENE EXAMINATION -- 3.4.1 Searching Techniques and Evidence Identification -- 3.4.2 Note Recording -- 3.4.3 Sketch Plan -- 3.4.4 Photography -- 3.4.5 Further Scene Examinations -- 3.4.6 Evidence Collection -- 3.4.7 Case Management -- 3.5 REPORT PREPARATION AND COURT PRESENTATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 4 FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF STOLEN-RECOVERED VEHICLES.

Part I: Technical Examination and General Forensic Traces -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.1.1 Challenges -- 4.1.2 Crime Scene Considerations -- 4.1.3 Examination Facility -- 4.1.4 Forensic Techniques -- 4.2 DETERMINATION OF THE MODUS OPERANDI -- 4.2.1 Penetration of the Vehicle -- 4.2.2 Starting the Vehicle -- 4.3 FINGERPRINTS AND PALM PRINTS -- 4.3.1 General Considerations -- 4.3.2 Fingerprint Search -- 4.3.3 Fingerprint Development -- 4.4 BIOLOGICAL AND DNA TRACES -- 4.4.1 General Considerations and Sampling -- 4.4.2 Blood -- 4.4.3 Semen -- 4.4.4 Skin Contact Traces -- 4.4.5 Hair and Dandruff -- 4.5 MICROTRACES -- 4.5.1 General Considerations -- 4.5.2 Fibers -- 4.5.3 Glass -- 4.5.4 Paint -- 4.5.5 Soil -- 4.6 TOOLMARKS AND OTHER EVIDENCE -- 4.7 ABANDONED OBJECTS -- 4.8 VEHICLES INVOLVED IN OTHER CRIMES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Part II: Chemical Traces-Drugs, Explosives, and Gunshot Residue -- 4.9 INTRODUCTION -- 4.10 CHEMICAL TRACES -- 4.10.1 Illicit Drugs -- 4.10.2 Explosives -- 4.10.3 Gunshot Residue -- 4.11 CRIME SCENE EXAMINATION -- 4.11.1 Security Phase -- 4.11.2 Forensic Phase A: Outside the Vehicle -- 4.11.3 Forensic Phase B: Vehicle Entrance -- 4.11.4 Forensic Phase C: On-Site Analysis -- 4.11.5 Forensic Phase D: Sampling -- 4.11.6 Forensic Phase E: Packaging of Samples -- 4.12 LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF SAMPLES -- 4.12.1 Analysis -- 4.12.2 Interpretation of Results -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 5 TRACES AND THEIR EVIDENTIARY VALUE -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 TRACE PROPERTIES -- 5.2.1 Evidence Functions -- 5.2.2 Class and Randomly-Acquired Characteristics -- 5.2.3 Requirements -- 5.2.4 Evidence Strength -- 5.2.5 Comparison Process -- 5.3 EVIDENCE LEADING TO INDIVIDUALIZATION -- 5.3.1 Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions -- 5.3.2 Shoeprints -- 5.3.3 Tire Tracks -- 5.3.4 Toolmarks -- 5.4 CLASS EVIDENCE.

5.4.1 Body Fluids and DNA -- 5.4.2 Paint -- 5.4.3 Fibers -- 5.4.4 Glass -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 6 VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER FORMAT -- 6.2.1 General Structure -- 6.2.2 World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI) -- 6.2.3 Vehicle Descriptor Section (VDS) -- 6.2.4 Check Digit -- 6.2.5 Vehicle Indicator Section (VIS) -- 6.2.6 Information Resources -- 6.2.7 Examples -- 6.3 VIN PLATE LOCATIONS, TYPES, AND ATTACHMENTS -- 6.3.1 VIN Locations -- 6.3.2 General Plates -- 6.3.3 Safety Certification Label -- 6.3.4 Anti-Theft Label -- 6.3.5 Stamping of Other Parts -- 6.3.6 Window Etching -- 6.3.7 Other VIN Locations -- 6.4 SECONDARY AND CONFIDENTIAL VINS -- 6.4.1 Principle -- 6.4.2 Secondary (Nonconfidential) VIN -- 6.4.3 Confidential VINs -- 6.5 PARTICULAR VINS -- 6.5.1 Gray Market VIN -- 6.5.2 Kit Assembled Cars -- 6.5.3 Rebuilt Vehicles -- 6.6 OTHER VEHICLE MARKINGS -- 6.6.1 Air Bags -- 6.6.2 Other Parts -- 6.6.3 Engine Emission Control Label -- 6.6.4 Other Coded Date Information -- 6.6.5 Other Serial Numbers -- 6.7 VIN CHANGING (OR RE-VINING, RINGING, OR TAGGING) -- 6.7.1 Principle -- 6.7.2 Alteration of Existing VIN -- 6.7.3 VIN Plate Switching -- 6.7.4 Counterfeit VIN Plate -- 6.8 HANDS-ON VEHICLE EXAMINATION -- 6.8.1 Equipment Needed -- 6.8.2 Examination Site and Preliminary Data Collection -- 6.8.3 Examination Process -- 6.8.4 Summary -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 7 RESTORATION OF SERIAL NUMBERS -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 SERIAL NUMBERING METHODS -- 7.3 TECHNIQUES USED TO OBLITERATE NUMBERS -- 7.4 MATERIAL DEFORMATION AND CAUSED EFFECTS -- 7.4.1 Principle of Deformation and Restoration -- 7.4.2 Metallic Objects -- 7.4.3 Organic Solids (Plastics) -- 7.5 RESTORATION METHODS FOR METALLIC OBJECTS -- 7.5.1 Principle -- 7.5.2 Sample Preparation Techniques -- 7.5.3 Destructive Restoration Procedures for Metals.

7.5.4 Nondestructive Restoration Procedures For Metals -- 7.6 RESTORATION METHODS FOR PLASTICS -- 7.6.1 Principle -- 7.6.2 Destructive Restoration Procedures for Plastics -- 7.6.3 Nondestructive Restoration Procedures for Plastics -- 7.7 PHOTOGRAPHY -- 7.8 EVALUATION OF METHODS -- 7.9 PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR SERIAL NUMBER RESTORATION -- 7.9.1 Inspection and Preparation -- 7.9.2 Application of a Processing Method -- 7.9.3 Recording of Results and Conclusions -- 7.9.4 Restoration from the Reverse Side of the Specimen -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 8 ANTI-THEFT SYSTEMS -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 VEHICLE ANTI-THEFT SYSTEMS -- 8.2.1 Development of OEM Immobilizer and Alarm Systems -- 8.2.2 General Motors PassKey I and II Systems -- 8.2.3 GM PassLock System -- 8.2.4 Transponder or Radiofrequency Identification Systems -- 8.3 FUNCTION TESTING OEM IMMOBILIZER SYSTEMS -- 8.3.1 PassKey I and II -- 8.3.2 PassLock -- 8.3.3 Transponder -- 8.4 TRANSPONDERS -- 8.4.1 Aftermarket Programming and Servicing Tools -- 8.4.2 Transponder Key Cloning -- 8.4.3 Emergency Start Procedures -- 8.4.4 Transponders for Fraud Prevention -- 8.5 ELECTRONIC KEY AND KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS -- 8.6 ALARM SYSTEMS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 9 EXAMINATION OF STEERING COLUMNS AND IGNITION LOCKS -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 VEHICLE STEERING COLUMNS -- 9.2.1 Steering Column Design -- 9.2.2 Separate-Component Column -- 9.2.3 Single-Component Column (Ignition Lock-Column Lock-Starter Switch Assembly) -- 9.2.4 Nonlocking Column -- 9.3 VEHICLE IGNITION LOCKS -- 9.3.1 Principle -- 9.3.2 Ignition Lock Components and Their Operation -- 9.4 DEFEATING THE IGNITION LOCK -- 9.4.1 Principle -- 9.4.2 Forced Removal of the Ignition Lock -- 9.4.3 Forced Rotation -- 9.4.4 Lock Picking -- 9.4.5 Key Impressioning -- 9.4.6 Key Picks -- 9.4.7 Master Keys.

9.5 EXAMINATION OF STEERING COLUMN COMPONENTS ON BURNED VEHICLES -- 9.5.1 Principle -- 9.5.2 Creation of the Debris Area -- 9.5.3 Recovery of Evidence -- 9.6 EXAMINATION OF EVIDENCE -- 9.6.1 Principle -- 9.6.2 On-Site Field Examination -- 9.6.3 Laboratory Examination -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 10 EXAMINATION OF VEHICLE KEYS -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 CAR KEY TYPES -- 10.2.1 Evolution and Generalities -- 10.2.2 Pin/Wafer Tumbler Keys -- 10.2.3 Sidewinder and Centerwinder Keys -- 10.2.4 Ford/Jaguar Tibbe Keys and Ford Chubb Keys -- 10.2.5 Dimple Keys -- 10.2.6 Keys With Anti-Theft System -- 10.2.7 Keyless Systems -- 10.3 KEY DUPLICATION -- 10.3.1 Key Characteristics -- 10.3.2 General Duplication Process -- 10.3.3 Key-Cutting Machines or Duplicators -- 10.4 COPY TRACES ON THE ORIGINAL KEY -- 10.4.1 Principle -- 10.4.2 Vise Jaw Marks -- 10.4.3 Depth Guide Marks -- 10.4.4 Examination Outcome -- 10.4.5 Other Indicators -- 10.5 FORENSIC EXAMINATION -- 10.5.1 Questions -- 10.5.2 Original Set -- 10.5.3 Key Functions -- 10.5.4 Key and Lock Matching -- 10.5.5 Key Originality -- 10.5.6 Key Wear and Tear -- 10.5.7 Copy Traces -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 11 ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE FLUIDS -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 VEHICLE FLUIDS -- 11.2.1 Different Types of Fluids -- 11.2.2 Chemical and Physical Properties of Fluids -- 11.3 FLUID SAMPLING -- 11.3.1 Preliminary Observations and Level Check -- 11.3.2 Sampling -- 11.3.3 Information Accompanying the Samples -- 11.4 ANALYSIS OF ENGINE OIL -- 11.4.1 Oil Contamination -- 11.4.2 Oil Condition -- 11.4.3 Engine Wear -- 11.5 ANALYSIS OF ATF -- 11.6 PRACTICAL CASES -- 11.6.1 2000 Renault Espace -- 11.6.2 1997 Chevrolet Venture -- 11.6.3 2002 Ford Explorer -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 12 EXAMINATION OF BURNED VEHICLES -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FIRE -- 12.2.1 Fire Triangle.

12.2.2 Combustible.