CONTENTS -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Physical Mechanisms of Soft Tissues Rheological Properties Yoram Lanir -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Analysis and Results -- 2.1. Tissues Nonlinear Stress-Strain Relationship -- 2.2. Tissues Quasi-Linear Viscoelasticity -- 2.3. Tissues Preconditioning -- 2.4. Tissues Residual Stress -- 3. Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Biomechanics of an Isolated Single Stress Fiber Masaaki Sato and Shinji Deguchi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 2.1. Cell culture -- 2.2. Isolation of stress fiber -- 2.3. Tensile test of stress fiber -- 3. Results and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 3: The Origin of Pre-Stress in Biological Tissues - A Mechano-Electrochemical Model: A Tribute to Professor Y.C. Fung Leo Q. Wan, X. Edward Guo and Van C. Mow -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Variation of Curvature and Stretch with Saline Concentration -- 3.2. Roles of FCD Inhomogeneity and High Stiffness of Superficial Layer -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: How Blood Flow Shapes Neointima Shu Q. Liu and Y. C. Fung -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Role of Fluid Shear Stress in Controlling Thrombus and Neointima Formation -- 3. Influence of Fluid Shear Stress on Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration -- 4. Role of PDGF Signaling Pathways in Mediating Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration in Response to Non-uniform Fluid Shear Stress -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Illuminating a Path: Role of Biomechanics in Understanding Adaptive Remodeling in the Microcirculation Thomas C. Skalak -- 1. Let There Be Light - UCSD, Dr. Fung, and Biomechanics -- 2. First Meeting with Dr. Fung -- 3. A Great Mentor -- 4. Memories -- 5. Influences -- References.

Chapter 6: Computational Simulations of the Buckling of Oval and Tapered Arteries Avione Northcutt, Parag Datir and Hai-Chao Han -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Artery Models -- 2.2. Material Model -- 2.3. Loads and Boundary Conditions -- 2.4. Finite Element Analysis -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Buckling of Circular Cylindrical Arteries -- 3.2. The Effect of Oval Cross-Section -- 3.3. The Effect of Vessel Tapering -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Clinical Relevance -- 4.2. Limitations -- 4.3. Significance -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Role of Structural and Signaling Molecules in Cardiac Mechanotransduction Anna M. Raskin, Andrew D. McCulloch and Jeffrey H. Omens -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cardiac Hypertrophy -- 3. Myocardial Stress and Strain Regulate Cardiac Muscle Growth -- 4. Mechanotransduction -- 4.1. Role of the nucleus in mechanotransduction -- 4.2. Role of z-disk and sarcomeric proteins in mechanotransduction -- 4.2.1. Titin -- 4.2.2. Muscle LIM protein -- 4.2.3. Four and a half LIM domain protein -- 4.2.4. Troponin C -- 4.3. Role of sarcolemmal proteins in mechanotransduction -- 4.3.1. Integrins -- 4.3.2. Phospholipase C -- 4.3.3. G-protein coupled receptors -- 4.3.4. Stretch activated ion channels -- 4.3.5. Na+/H+ exchanger -- 5. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: A Novel Hemodynamic Analysis of Echocardiogram Tin-Kan Hung -- Introduction -- Energy Transfer of Cardiac Pumping -- Computational Approach -- Conclusions -- Tributes -- References -- Chapter 9: In Vitro Biomechanical Studies in Aging Human Lungs Shervin Majd and Michael Yen -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Equi-biaxial modeling -- 2.2. 3D simulation (uniform expansion) -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Equi-biaxial simulation -- 3.2. Uniform expansion (3D) -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Equi-biaxial modeling -- 4.2. 3D simulation results.

Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 10: Modeling the Oxygen Uptake in Pulmonary Alveolar Capillaries Cheng-Jen Chuong -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Formulation -- 2.1. Geometric Model of an Alveolar Capillary Segment -- 2.2. Governing Equations -- 2.3. Calculations of DL , DM , and DE -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Transient Values in DL , DM , and DE -- 3.2. Changing O2 Flux Across RBC Membrane -- 3.3. Effects of HCt Changes on DL, DM -- 3.4. Effect of Plasma Protein Concentration Changes -- 3.5. Comparing Model Predictions with Total Lung DM Measurements -- 3.6. Comparing with RBC Conductance -- 4. Summary -- References -- Chapter 11: Two Bioengineering Solutions for a Pulmonary Circulation John B. West -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Distensibility of Small Pulmonary Blood Vessels -- 3. Pressure-Flow Relations in Zone II -- 4. Extremely Thin Blood-Gas Barrier in the Avian Lung -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12: Fluid Flow Induced Calcium Response in Bone Cell Network Bo Huo, Xin L. Lu and X. Edward Guo -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 2.1. Bone Cell Network -- 2.2. Steady Fluid Flow and [Ca2+]i Response -- 2.3. Experimental Groups -- 2.4. Data analysis -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 13: Analysis of the Models for Cytoskeletal Rheology Roger D. Kamm, Taeyoon Kim and Wonmuk Hwang -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14: Y. C. Fung and the Biomechanics of Hearing Rong Zhu Gan -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Meeting Y. C. Fung -- 1.2. New Research in Hearing -- 2. Biomechanical Tests of Ear Tissues -- 2.1. Specimen Preparation -- 2.2. Digital Image Correlation Method -- 2.3. Summary of Mechanical Properties of Four Ear Tissues -- 3. 3D Finite Element Model of the Human Ear -- 3.1. Construction of 3D Finite Element Model of Human Ear.

3.2. Mechanical Properties of Ear Tissues Employed in FE model -- 3.3. Applications of the FE Model - Simulation of Middle Ear Diseases -- 3.4. Applications of the FE Model - Assisting Design and Function Evaluation of Implantable Hearing Devices -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15: A Model for a Class of Diffusion-Based Intercellular Communication Sia Nemat-Nasser and Alireza V. Amirkhizi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mathematical Modeling -- 3. Limiting and Asymptotic Approximations -- 4. Examples -- 4.1. Consumption of Oxygen by Chondrocytes -- 4.2. Time of Release for Limited Amount of Cyto/Chemokine -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix: General Solution -- References -- Chapter 16: Stem Cells, Biomechanics, and Y. C. Fung Taby Ahsan, Adele M. Doyle and Robert M. Nerem -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Embryonic Stem Cell and Biomechanics -- 3. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biomechanics -- 4. Concluding Comments -- References -- Chapter 17: Of Mice and Men .... And a China Connection Don P. Giddens, Jin Suo, W. Robert Taylor, Habib Samady and John Oshinski -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hemodynamics and Markers of Atherosclerosis in Mice -- 2.1. Hemodynamics in Coronary Arteries of Humans -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 18: Multi-Patient FSI Studies for Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque Progression Based on Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dalin Tang, Chun Yang, Gador Canton, Chun Yuan and Thomas S. Hatsukami -- 1. Introduction: "To Learn Swimming, One Must Get In the Water" -- 2. Data Acquisition, Models and Methods -- 2.1. Multi-Contrast MRI Data Acquisition -- 2.2. 3D Reconstruction, Shrink-Stretch Process, and Mesh Generation -- 2.3. The 3D FSI Model and Solution Method -- 2.4. Plaque Progression and Stress/Strain Data Collection -- 2.5. Predicting Plaque Progression -- 3. Results.

3.1. Negative Correlation between Plaque Progression and Plaque Wall Stress (PWS) at Current Time -- 3.2. Positive Correlation between Plaque Progression and Flo Maximum Shear Stress (FMSS) at Current Time -- 3.3. Predicting Plaque Progression Using Growth Functions -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Our Results and Current Literature for Plaque Progression -- 4.2. Difficulty in Predicting Plaque Progression -- 4.3. Limitations -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 19: Current Status on Countermeasures for Intradialytic Hypotension J. S. Lee -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Simulation of the Circulation -- 2.1. Formulation of a Two-Compartment Model -- 2.2. Effect of Microvascular Pooling and Hypovolemia on Systemic Hematocrit -- 2.3. Hypovolemia vs. Microvascular Pooling -- 3. Causes for the Development of Hypotensive Symptoms -- 3.1. Volumes Changes for Hemodialysis -- 3.2. Mechanisms Causing Intradialytic Hypotension -- 3.3. Other Supporting Results on Blood Pooling -- 3.4. Accuracy and Implications of One and Two-Compartment Model -- 4. Countermeasures for Intradialytic Hypotension -- 4.1. Current Maneuvers -- 4.2. Use of Anti-Pooling to Counter the Development of Hypotension -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 20: Pressure Ulcer, Pressure and Flow Motion Zhenyong Li, Eric W. C. Tam and Arthur F. T. Mak -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 2.1. Subjects -- 2.2. Animals -- 2.3. Experimental procedure_1 -- 2.4. Experimental procedure_2 -- 2.5. Spectral analysis -- 2.6. Statistical analysis -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Subject characteristics -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 21: Correlation of Whole Blood Viscosity with Real-Time Microvascular Abnormalities in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) Patients Anthony Tze-Wai Cheung -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research Subjects and Methods.

2.1. Research subjects / patients and controls.