Lab-on-a-Chip: Techniques, Circuits, and Biomedical Applications -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Lab-on-a-Chip -- 1.1 History -- 1.2 Parts and Components of Lab-on-a-Chip -- 1.2.1 Electric and Magnetic Actuators -- 1.2.2 Electrical Sensors -- 1.2.3 Thermal Sensors -- 1.2.4 Optical Sensors -- 1.2.5 Microfluidic Chambers -- 1.3 Applications of Lab-on-a-Chip -- 1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- Chapter 2 Cell Structure, Properties, and Models -- 2.1 Cell Structure -- 2.1.1 Prokaryotic Cells -- 2.1.2 Eukaryotic Cells -- 2.1.3 Cell Components -- 2.2 Electromechanics of Particles -- 2.2.1 Single-Layer Model -- 2.2.2 Double-Layer Model -- 2.3 Electrogenic Cells -- 2.3.1 Neurons -- 2.3.2 Gated Ion Channels -- 2.3.3 Action Potential -- References -- Chapter 3 Cell Manipulator Fields -- 3.1 Electric Field -- 3.1.1 Uniform Electric Field (Electrophoresis) -- 3.1.2 Nonuniform Electric Field (Dielectrophoresis) -- 3.2 Magnetic Field -- 3.2.1 Nonuniform Magnetic Field (Magnetophoresis) -- 3.2.2 Magnetophoresis Force (MAP Force) -- References -- Chapter 4 Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)Technology Fundamentals -- 4.1 Semiconductor Properties -- 4.2 Intrinsic Semiconductors -- 4.3 Extrinsic Semiconductor -- 4.3.1 N-Type Doping -- 4.3.2 P-Type Doping -- 4.4 MOS Device Physics -- 4.5 MOS Characteristics -- 4.5.1 Modes of Operation -- 4.6 Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Device -- 4.6.1 Advantages of CMOS Technology -- References -- Chapter 5 Sensing Techniques for Lab-on-a-Chip -- 5.1 Optical Technique -- 5.2 Fluorescent Labeling Technique -- 5.3 Impedance Sensing Technique -- 5.4 Magnetic Field Sensing Technique -- 5.5 CMOS AC Electrokinetic Microparticle Analysis System -- 5.5.1 Bioanalysis Platform -- 5.5.2 Experimental Tests -- References -- Chapter 6 CMOS-Based Lab-on-a-Chip.

6.1 PCB Lab-on-a-Chip for Micro-Organism Detection and Characterization -- 6.2 Actuation -- 6.3 Impedance Sensing -- 6.4 CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Micro-Organism Detection and Manipulation -- 6.5 CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Neuronal Activity Detection -- 6.6 CMOS Lab-on-a-Chip for Cytometry Applications -- 6.7 Flip-Chip Integration -- References -- Chapter 7 CMOS Electric-Field-Based Lab-on a-Chip for Cell Characterization and Detection -- 7.1 Design Flow -- 7.2 Actuation -- 7.3 Electrostatic Simulation -- 7.4 Sensing -- 7.5 The Electric Field Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (eFET) -- 7.6 The Differential Electric Field Sensitive Field Effect Transistor(DeFET) -- 7.7 DeFET Theory of Operation -- 7.8 Modeling the DeFET -- 7.8.1 A Simple DC Model -- 7.8.2 SPICE DC Equivalent Circuit -- 7.8.3 AC Equivalent Circuit -- 7.9 The Effect of the DeFET on the Applied Electric Field Profile -- References -- Chapter 8 Prototyping and Experimental Analysis -- 8.1 Testing the DeFET -- 8.1.1 The DC Response -- 8.1.2 The AC (Frequency) Response -- 8.1.3 Other Features of the DeFET -- 8.2 Noise Analysis -- 8.2.1 Noise Sources -- 8.2.2 Noise Measurements -- 8.3 The Effect of Temperature and Light on DeFET Performance -- 8.4 Testing the Electric Field Imager -- 8.4.1 The Response of the Imager Under Different Environments -- 8.4.2 Testing the Imager with Biocells -- 8.5 Packaging the Lab-on-a-Chip -- References -- Chapter 9 Readout Circuits for Lab-on-a-Chip -- 9.1 Current-Mode Circuits -- 9.2 Operational Floating Current Conveyor (OFCC) -- 9.2.1 A Simple Model -- 9.2.2 OFCC with Feedback -- 9.3 Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier -- 9.3.1 Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier (CMIA) Based on CCII -- 9.3.2 Current-Mode Instrumentation Amplifier Based on OFCC -- 9.4 Experimental and Simulation Results of the Proposed CMIA -- 9.4.1 The Differential Gain Measurements.

9.4.2 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Measurements -- 9.4.3 Other Features of the Proposed CMIA -- 9.4.4 Noise Results -- 9.5 Comparison Between Different CMIAs -- 9.6 Testing the Readout Circuit with the Electric Field Based Lab -on-a-Chip -- References -- Chapter 10 Current-Mode Wheatstone Bridge for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 CMWB Based on Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- 10.3 A Linearization Technique Based on an Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- 10.4 Experimental and Simulation Results -- 10.4.1 The Differential Measurements -- 10.4.2 Common-Mode Measurements -- 10.5 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 11 Current-Mode Readout Circuits for the pH Sensor -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Differential ISFET-Based pH Sensor -- 11.2.1 ISFET-Based pH Sensor -- 11.2.2 Differential ISFET Sensor -- 11.3 pH Readout Circuit Based on an Operational Floating Current Conveyor -- 11.3.1 Simulation Results -- 11.4 pH Readout Circuit Using Only Two Operational Floating Current Conveyors -- 11.4.1 Simulation Results -- References -- List of Symbols -- About the Authors -- Index.