COVER -- HALF-TITLE -- TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- CONTENTS -- SERIES EDITORS' PREFACE -- PREFACE -- CASE LIST -- Before the European Courts -- Alphabetical -- Numerical -- European Court of Human Rights -- Cases before the National Courts -- Commission Decisions -- Legislation -- European Legislation -- Directives -- Decisions -- National Legislation -- PART I -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The value and functions of the broadcast media: protecting the citizen viewer -- Introduction -- Theories about the value and function of the broadcast media -- Citizens and consumers -- Broadcasting and the public interest -- The broadcast media and the public sphere -- PSB and the public sphere -- Conclusions -- 3 Regulation and the viewer in a changing broadcasting environment -- Introduction -- Historical overview of the development of broadcasting -- Early regulatory responses to social, cultural and moral concerns -- Approaches to regulation -- Impact of digitalisation and convergence on the regulatory environment -- Regulation and the viewing experience -- Conclusion -- 4 Union competence -- Introduction -- Development and expansion of the European Union -- Judicial harmonisation -- Competition policy -- The relationship between the common market and other relevant values in the EC Treaty -- Positive harmonisation -- Types of Union action -- Conclusion -- 5 European broadcasting policy -- Introduction -- Brief overview of broadcasting policy in the Union -- Competence, coherence and autonomy of broadcasting policy -- Increasing commercialisation -- Technology -- Conclusion -- PART II -- 6 Access -- Introduction -- The importance of access to infrastructure -- Competition law and essential facilities -- The general structure of the Communications Package -- Criticism of the general approach -- SignificantMarket Power (SMP).

Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) -- Interoperability -- Presentational aspects of EPGs -- USD andmust carry -- Review of Communications Package -- Conclusion -- 7 Media ownership: impact on access and content -- Introduction -- General problems in the media sector -- Overview of theMerger Regulation -- Cases in the media sector -- Assessment of the approach of the Commission and the Courts -- Conclusion -- 8 Jurisdiction, forum shopping and the 'race to the bottom' -- Introduction -- The original version of the TelevisionWithout Frontiers Directive -- The 1997 Amending Directive -- Conclusion -- 9 Advertising placement and frequency: balancing the needs of viewers and commercial interests -- Introduction -- Relationship between broadcasters, advertisers and viewers -- Overview of placement rules -- Problems arising from the operation of the advertising rules -- Conclusion -- 10 Negative content regulation -- Introduction -- General issues arising fromnegative content regulation -- Current Union provisions for the control and restriction of content -- The problems with negative regulation in the TWFD -- Impact of technology on regulation -- Technology as a regulatorymechanism -- Conclusion -- 11 Positive content regulation: quotas -- Introduction -- Overview of quota provisions -- Definition of European works -- Criteria for assessing 'European' -- Independent productions -- Application and enforceability -- Conclusion -- 12 Privatisation of sport and listed events -- Introduction -- Conflicting policy considerations -- Competition law and the exclusive rights to sporting events -- The listed events system -- Weaknesses in the listed events system -- Conclusion -- 13 State aid: constraints on public service broadcasting -- Introduction -- Approach to PSB in the Union -- Conflicting policy concerns.

Overview of legal state aid framework -- Problems in identifying aid -- Exceptions to the state-aid provisions -- Impact on the scope and scale of PSB at the member state level -- Conclusion -- PART III -- 14 Conclusions -- APPENDIX -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX.