Cancer in Children and Young People -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Part 1 Chemotherapy -- Commentary: Chemotherapy -- 1. Principles of Chemotherapy -- The history of the development of chemotherapy -- Cell cycle -- Growth fraction -- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics -- Protocol development and clinical trials -- Considerations when planning chemotherapy treatments -- Treatment approaches -- References -- 2. Chemotherapy Agents -- Classification of drugs -- References -- 3. Administration of Chemotherapy -- Safe practice with cytotoxic drugs: legislation -- Consent -- Safe handling -- Reconstitution and preparation of chemotherapeutic agents -- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -- Work practices -- Patient support -- Setting for chemotherapy administration -- Administration of chemotherapy -- Routes of administration -- Intrathecal route -- The intramuscular and subcutaneous routes -- References -- 4. Side Effects of Chemotherapy -- Introduction -- Gastrointestinal tract -- Taste alteration -- Nausea and vomiting -- Pharmacological interventions -- Anorexia/weight loss -- Haematological problems -- The compromised immune system -- Viral infections -- Cutaneous side effects -- Conclusion -- References -- 5. Oncological Emergencies -- Introduction -- Septic shock -- Home care -- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) -- Anaphylaxis -- Acute tumour lysis syndrome (ATLS) -- Hyperuricaemia -- Hyperkalaemia -- Hyperphosphataemia and hypocalcaemia -- Nursing implications of ATLS -- Spinal cord compression -- Conclusion -- References -- 6. Future Trends -- Introduction -- Treatment strategies -- Targeted approaches -- Proteasome -- Gene therapy -- Tumour vaccines -- Hormone therapy -- Combination therapy -- New treatments for cancer - the nurse's role -- References.

Part 2 Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation -- Commentary: Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation -- 7. Background to the Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) Procedure -- History -- Types of transplant -- Diseases for which haematopoietic stem cell transplant is a treatment modality -- Tissue typing -- Adult unrelated donors -- References -- 8. Preparation for Bone Marrow Transplant -- The family -- Negotiation -- Support -- Preparation of children -- Conditioning regimens -- Preparation of a sibling donor -- Ethical use of sibling donors -- Saviour siblings -- Preparation of non-donor siblings -- References -- 9. Collection and Infusion of Bone Marrow, Peripheral Blood Stem Cells and Umbilical Cord Cells -- Collection of bone marrow -- Complications of donation -- Collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) -- Venous access -- Stem cell collection -- Collection of umbilical cord blood cells -- Issues surrounding umbilical cord banking -- Bone marrow/stem cell infusion -- References -- 10. Protective Isolation: Nursing Issues -- Introduction -- Infection prophylaxis -- Protective isolation -- Dietary restrictions -- Mouth care -- Skin care -- Infection screening -- The effects of isolation -- References -- 11. Complications of Stem Cell Transplant -- Introduction -- Mucositis -- Treatment and nursing implications -- Pancytopenia -- Haematological complications -- Infection -- Veno-occlusive disease -- Graft versus host disease (GVHD) -- Graft versus leukaemia (GVL) -- References -- 12. Discharge Planning and Psychosocial Issues for the Family -- Discharge planning -- Psychosocial effects of stem cell transplant on the family -- References -- 13. Staff Support in Stem Cell Transplant Units -- Educational needs of nurses in blood and bone marrow transplant units -- References -- 14. Further Developments in Stem Cell Transplantation.

Gene therapy -- What is gene therapy? -- Gene therapy prospects for primary immunodeficiencies -- What does the gene therapy process involve for the child? -- Care of the child undergoing gene therapy for X-linked SCID -- Care of the child undergoing gene therapy for ADA-SCID or CGD -- Parental support -- Risks and side effects of gene therapy -- The future -- References -- Part 3 Surgery -- Commentary: General Surgery -- Introduction -- Diagnosis -- Continuity of care -- Pain -- Central venous access -- Conclusion -- References -- 15. General Surgery -- Introduction -- The challenge of surgical care in paediatric oncology -- Surgery as a diagnostic tool -- Surgery as a treatment modality -- Preparing the child and the family for surgery -- Post-operative nursing care -- Discharge planning -- Late effects of surgical treatment -- Surgery in supportive care -- Management of infection -- Surgery to avoid the complications of radiotherapy -- Future trends in surgery -- References -- Commentary: Neuro-oncology -- 16. Neuro-oncology -- Introduction -- Overview of brain tumours -- Increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus -- Tumour types -- Investigations into brain tumours -- Neurological assessment -- Play therapy -- The multidisciplinary team -- Pre-operative care -- Intra-operative care -- Post-operative management -- Long-term concerns: morbidity and mortality -- Jack's journey through CNS tumour treatment -- Ongoing needs of a child with a brain tumour -- Adjuvant treatment: specifics of treating a child with a CNS tumour -- Late effects of CNS tumours and acute rehabilitation needs -- Rehabilitation needs -- Second malignancy -- Discharge planning -- Relapse and chemotherapy clinical trials -- Relapse: the child -- Palliative care -- The future of neuro-oncology -- References -- Commentary: Primary Bone Cancer in Young People.

17. Primary Bone Cancer in Young People -- Introduction -- Types of tumours and their presentation -- Treatment options -- Limb conservation surgery -- Amputation -- Altered body image -- Discharge planning -- Late effects -- Future trends -- Impact of setting -- References -- Part 4 Radiotherapy -- 18. The Nature of Radiotherapy -- Introduction -- Indications for the use of radiation in the care of children with cancer -- The nature of radiation -- Artificial production of radiation for clinical use -- Radiation dose -- Effect of ionising radiation on human tissue -- Hazards to healthy tissue during radiotherapy -- Conclusion -- References -- 19. Administration of Radiotherapy -- Introduction -- External beam therapy (teletherapy) -- Brachytherapy -- Use of unsealed sources (intravenous radioactive materials) -- Administration of alternative radiotherapy techniques -- What does the future hold for radiotherapy? -- References -- 20. Tumours and Radiotherapy Treatment -- Brain tumours -- Adverse effects of radiotherapy in the treatment of brain tumours -- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with CNS involvement -- Tumours of the head and neck -- Retinoblastoma -- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -- Hodgkin's lymphoma -- Radiotherapy for abdominal tumours -- Malignant mesenchymal tumours such as rhabdomyosarcoma -- Wilms' tumour -- Neuroblastoma -- Pelvic irradiation -- Extremity radiation -- Conclusion -- References -- 21. Acute and Sub-acute Side Effects of Radiotherapy -- Introduction -- Acute reactions in healthy tissue -- Skin -- The gastrointestinal tract -- Mouth -- Promotion of nutritional intake -- Pain control -- Small intestine -- Bone marrow -- Hair follicles -- Fatigue -- Brain -- Pneumonitis -- Cystitis -- Conclusion -- References -- 22. The Role of Radiotherapy in Palliative Care -- The decision to use radiotherapy in the palliative care of children.

Radiotherapy in oncological emergencies -- Radiotherapy in end of life symptom management -- References -- Part 5 Late Effect of Cancer Therapies -- 23. Overview of Long-Term Follow-Up -- Future challenges -- Long-term effects of cancer treatment -- The nursing role -- Health education -- Conclusion -- References -- 24. Potential Physical Issues Following Cancer Treatment -- Endocrinopathies -- Thyroid gland -- Hypothalamic pituitary axis -- Gonadal dysfunction -- Fertility -- Liver -- Neurological impairment -- Neuropsychological -- Eyes -- Craniofacial and dental -- Skin -- Musculoskeletal -- Hearing -- Gastrointestinal -- Cardiac -- Renal and bladder -- Pulmonary -- Second malignancies -- References -- 25. The Role of the Nurse in Long-Term Follow-Up -- Assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of programmes of care -- Support and advice -- Liaison and education -- Provision and facilitation of alternative models of care -- Research and audit -- Health promotion provision -- Participation in specialist LTFU clinics -- Conclusion -- References -- 26. Health Promotion for Long-Term Follow-Up Patients -- Smoking -- Alcohol consumption -- Recreational drug use -- Nutrition, physical activity and achieving a healthy weight -- Breast awareness -- Testicular self-examination -- Sexual health -- Sun protection -- Theoretical approaches and models -- Conclusion -- References -- 27. Quality of Life in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer -- Defining quality of life in the health-care setting? -- Physical function -- Psychological function -- Cognition -- Social function -- Education -- Employment and insurance -- Interpersonal relationships and marriage -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.