Polymer Composites with Carbonaceous Nanofillers -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Graphene-Based Nanomaterials -- 1.1.1 Graphite Intercalation Compound -- 1.1.2 Graphene Oxide -- 1.2 Carbon Nanotubes -- 1.2.1 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes -- 1.2.1.1 Physical Vapor Deposition -- 1.2.1.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition -- 1.2.2 Purification of Carbon Nanotubes -- 1.2.2.1 Chemical Techniques -- 1.2.2.2 Physical Techniques -- 1.2.3 Characterization of Purified Carbon Nanotubes -- 1.3 Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) -- 1.4 Physical Properties of Graphene -- 1.4.1 Mechanical Behavior -- 1.4.2 Electrical Behavior -- 1.4.3 Thermal Behavior -- 1.5 Properties of Carbon Nanotubes -- 1.5.1 Mechanical Behavior -- 1.5.1.1 Theoretical Prediction -- 1.5.1.2 Experimental Measurement -- 1.5.1.3 Flexibility of Carbon Nanotubes -- 1.5.2 Electrical Behavior -- 1.5.3 Thermal Behavior -- 1.6 Properties of Carbon Nano.bers -- 1.7 Current Availability of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials -- 1.8 Multifunctional Composite Materials -- 1.8.1 Composites with Carbon Black Nanoparticles -- 1.8.2 Composites with Graphene Oxide and Graphite Nanoplatelet Fillers -- 1.8.3 Composites with Carbon Nanotubes -- Nomenclature -- References -- 2 Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposites -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Dispersion of Nanofillers -- 2.2.1 Surface Modification of Graphene Oxide -- 2.2.2 Surface Modification of Graphene Nanoplatelet and Expanded Graphite -- 2.2.3 Functionalization of CNTs and CNFs -- 2.2.3.1 Covalent Functionalization -- 2.2.3.2 NonCovalent Functionalization -- 2.3 Solution Mixing -- 2.3.1 Nanocomposites with Graphene-Like Fillers -- 2.3.2 Nanocomposites with EG and GNP Fillers -- 2.3.3 Nanocomposites with CNT and CNF Fillers -- 2.4 Melt Mixing -- 2.4.1 Nanocomposites with Graphene-Like Fillers -- 2.4.2 Nanocomposites with EG and GNP Fillers.

2.4.3 Nanocomposites with CNT and CNF Fillers -- 2.5 In situ Polymerization -- 2.5.1 Nanocomposites with Graphene-Like Fillers -- 2.5.2 Nanocomposites with EG and GNP Fillers -- 2.5.3 Nanocomposites with CNT and CNF Fillers -- 2.6 Patent Processes -- References -- 3 Thermal Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites -- 3.1 Crystallization -- 3.2 Characterization Techniques for Crystallization -- 3.2.1 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis -- 3.2.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- 3.2.3 Nanocomposites with Graphene Nanofillers -- 3.2.4 Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanotubes -- 3.3 Thermal Stability -- 3.3.1 Thermogravimetry Analysis -- 3.3.2 Linear Thermal Expansion -- 3.3.3 Heat Deflection Temperature -- 3.4 Thermal Conductivity -- 3.4.1 Composites with CNTs -- 3.4.1.1 Thermal Interface Resistance -- 3.4.1.2 Dispersion and Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes -- 3.4.2 Composites with GNP and Graphene Nanofillers -- Nomenclature -- References -- 4 Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites -- 4.1 Background -- 4.2 General Mechanical Behavior -- 4.3 Fracture Toughness -- 4.4 Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms -- 4.4.1 Interfacial Shear Stress -- 4.4.2 Interfacial Interaction -- 4.4.3 Micromechanical Modeling -- 4.4.4 Toughening Mechanism -- 4.5 Nanocomposites with Graphene Fillers -- 4.5.1 Thermoplastic Matrix -- 4.5.2 Thermosetting Matrix -- 4.5.3 Elastomeric Matrix -- 4.6 Nanocomposites with EG and GNP Fillers -- 4.7 Nanocomposites with CNT and CNF Fillers -- 4.7.1 Thermoplastic Matrix -- 4.7.2 Thermosetting Matrix -- 4.8 Composites with Hybrid Fillers -- Nomenclature -- References -- 5 Electrical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites -- 5.1 Background -- 5.2 Percolation Concentration -- 5.2.1 Theoretical Modeling -- 5.2.2 Excluded Volume -- 5.3 Electrical Conductivity and Permittivity -- 5.3.1 Graphene-Filled Polymer Composites.

5.3.1.1 Thermoplastic Matrices -- 5.3.1.2 Thermosetting Matrices -- 5.3.1.3 Elastomeric Matrices -- 5.3.2 EG- and GNP-Filled Polymers -- 5.3.2.1 Thermoplastic Matrices -- 5.3.2.2 Thermosetting Matrices -- 5.3.3 CNT- and CNF-Filled Polymer Composites -- 5.3.3.1 Thermoplastic Matrices -- 5.3.3.2 Thermosetting Matrices -- 5.3.3.3 Elastomeric Matrices -- 5.4 Current-Voltage Relationship -- 5.5 Positive Temperature Coefficient Effect -- 5.6 Hybrid Nanocomposites -- References -- 6 Carbonaceous Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell -- 6.3 Conventional Bipolar Plates -- 6.4 Polymer Nanocomposite Bipolar Plates -- 6.4.1 CNT-Filled Composite Plates -- 6.4.2 Graphene-Sheet-Filled Composite Plates -- 6.5 Electrical Characteristics of Nanocomposite Bipolar Plates -- 6.5.1 Polymer/Graphite/CNT Hybrid Plates -- 6.5.2 Polymer/EG and Polymer/GNP Composite Plates -- 6.5.3 Polymer/CB Composite Plates -- 6.5.4 Fuel Cell Performance -- 6.5.4.1 Voltage Loss -- 6.5.4.2 Polarization Curves -- 6.6 Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Bipolar Plates -- 6.6.1 Hybrid Composite Bipolar Plates -- 6.6.2 Polymer/EG Composites -- 6.7 Electrocatalyst Supports -- 6.7.1 Carbon-Nanotube-Supported Platinum Electrocatalysts -- 6.7.2 Graphene-Supported Platinum Electrocatalysts -- Nomenclature -- References -- 7 Polymer Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 Bone Implants -- 7.3 Biocompatibility of Carbon Nanotubes -- 7.3.1 Potential Health Hazards -- 7.3.2 Cell Viability Assays -- 7.3.3 Tissue Cell Responses -- 7.4 CNT/Polymer Nanocomposites for Load-Bearing Implants -- 7.4.1 Mechanical Properties -- 7.4.1.1 MWNT/PE Nanocomposites -- 7.4.1.2 MWNT/PEEK Nanocomposites -- 7.5 CNT/Polymer Nanocomposite Scaffolds -- 7.5.1 Types and Structures of Scaffolds.

7.5.2 Electrospinning: Principle and Applications -- 7.6 Nervous System Remedial Applications -- 7.7 Biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide and Its Nanocomposites -- References -- 8 Polymer Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 EMI Shielding Efficiency -- 8.3 Nanocomposites with Graphene Fillers -- 8.4 Nanocomposites with GNPs -- 8.5 Nanocomposites with CNTs and CNFs -- 8.6 Foamed Nanocomposites for EMI Applications -- 8.6.1 CNT/Polymer Foamed Nanocomposites -- 8.6.2 Graphene/Polymer Foamed Nanocomposites -- Nomenclature -- References -- 9 Polymer Nanocomposites for Sensor Applications -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Pressure/Strain Sensors -- 9.2.1 Piezoresistivity -- 9.2.2 Nanocomposites with GNPs -- 9.2.3 Nanocomposites with CNTs -- 9.3 Gas and Humidity Sensors -- 9.3.1 Gas Sensitivity -- 9.4 Organic Vapor Sensors -- 9.4.1 Nanocomposites with CBs -- 9.4.1.1 Nanocomposites with CNTs and CNFs -- 9.4.2 Humidity Sensors -- 9.4.2.1 Graphene Oxide Sensors -- 9.4.2.2 Nanocomposite Sensors with CNT Fillers -- Nomenclature -- References -- Index.