PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ANDCARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS:THE ROLE OF STRESS ANDPSYCHOSOCIAL INFLUENCES -- NOTICE TO THE READER -- Contents -- Preface -- Neurobehavioral Functioning andCardiovascular Disease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Neurocognitive Correlates of Cardiovascular RiskFactors -- Diabetes Mellitus -- Hypertension -- Cholesterol -- Obesity -- Multiple Risk Factors -- Atherosclerosis -- Indices of Subclinical Atherosclerosis -- Intima Media Thickness -- Pulse Wave Velocity and Pulse Pressure -- Endothelial Function -- Clinical Cardiovascular Disease -- Peripheral Vascular Disease -- Coronary Heart Disease -- Electrocardiographic Abnormalities -- Cardiac Medications -- Beta-Blockers -- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors -- Diuretics -- Statins -- Cognitive Sequelae of Cerebrovascular Burden -- Cerebrovascular Risk and Structural Brain Abnormalities -- Cognitive Outcomes Following RevascularizationInterventions -- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery -- Valve Replacement Surgery -- Carotid Endarterectomy and Carotid Stenting -- Conclusions -- Reference List -- Psychological Factors and theTriggering of Acute Cardiac Events -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Acute Pathophysiological Consequences ofPsychological Stress: General Internal TriggeringMechanisms -- Myocardial Ischemia -- Acute Coronary Syndrome -- Cardiac Arrhythmias -- Apical Ballooning Syndrome -- Conclusions -- References -- Spiritual Influences on CardiovascularRisk -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sudden Death -- Faith, Spirituality, Religion -- Personal Contribution -- Prayer -- Trascendental Meditation -- A New Doctor-Client Relationship -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Psychological Risk Factors in theDevelopment of Hypertension -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sympathetic Nervous System -- Subacute and Chronic Stress -- Chronic Psychological States.

Genetics and Additional Moderators -- Stress Reduction Interventions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Reactive Changes of CardiovascularFunctions due to thePsycho-emotional Load -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Emotion and Defense Reaction -- Psychophysiological Reactivity Testing inCardiovascular Physiology -- Integrated Responses of the CardiovascularSystem -- Sympathetic Vasomotor Outflow in Human Muscleand Skin Nerves -- Cardiovascular Responses to Psycho-emotionalStress -- The Effect of Psycho-emotional Stress onResistance and Capacitance BloodVessels of the Extremities -- The Effect of Mental Arithmetic on Muscle and Skin Blood Flows -- Capillary Blood Flow in Subcutaneous Tissue and Muscle -- Active Venoconstriction -- Regional Differences in the Vasomotor Reactivity -- Hypertension -- Different Pattern of Vasomotor Reactions toPsycho-emotional Load in Patients with ChronicMyocardial Infarction -- Sympathetically Mediated Effects ofPsycho-emotional Stress on ElectrophysiologicalParameters of the Heart -- The Effect of Psycho-emotional Stress onRepolarization Parameters of the Body SurfacePotential Maps -- Dissociation between the Reactive ANS ControlledHeart Rate Changes and the Direct MyocardialEffect of Sympathetic Activation -- Primary Changes in Ventricular RepolarizationRelated to Blood Pressure Values in the NormalRange -- Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Reactivity inNeonates and Children -- Sleeping and Waking -- Crying and Waking Up -- Feeding Response -- Changing Body Position -- Circadian and Ultradian Blood Pressure and HeartRate Rhythms in Neonates -- Concluding Remarks -- Non Auditory Effects of Urban Noise in Children -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- The Cardiac Response of a ThreatenedBrain -- Abstract -- Cardiac Response -- Orienting and Defence -- The Orienting Response.

The Cardiac Orienting Response -- The Defence Response -- The Cardiac Defence Response -- Defence Response to Complex (but Symbolic) Threats -- The Brain Fear System -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Biosocial Synergy: Stress,Cardiovascular Disease, and High RiskPopulations -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Stress and the HPA Axis: Pathways to Disease -- Cortisol and the HPA Axis -- Stress and CVD -- Exposure to Traumatic Events and CVD -- Biological Mechanisms -- Behavioral Mechanisms -- CVD in High Stress Populations -- Allostatic Load in High Stress Populations -- Caregivers -- Health Care Workers -- Nurses -- Physicians -- Emergency Medical Technicians -- Air Traffic Controllers -- Firefighters -- CVD in Firefighters -- Police Officers -- PTSD and Metabolic Syndrome among Police Officers -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Cardiovascular Risk as a Paradigm ofthe Negative Consequences of Stress atWork: A "Conflicting Evidence" -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- A Novel Theoretical Contribution -- Conclusions -- References -- The Role of Self-Involvement in theDevelopment of CardiovascularDisease: A Motivational Analysis -- Abstract -- Cardiovascular Reactivity and Disease -- Psychological Variables and CardiovascularReactivity -- Motivational Intensity Theory -- Self-Involvement and Effort-RelatedCardiovascular Response: Empirical Evidence -- Social Evaluation Effects -- Self-Evaluation Effects -- Important Personal Goals -- Empirical Evidence: Summary -- Outlook and Conclusions -- References -- Drained: Studies of Fatigue Influenceon Engagement and AssociatedCardiovascular Responses -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Ability Perception, Engagement, and CVResponse: Traditional Conceptions -- Our Ability Analysis -- Implications for Fatigue -- Evidence -- Ability Studies.

Studies of Fatigue -- General Summary and Concluding Comments -- Fatigue and Health -- Unresolved Issues -- References -- Indigenous Views of Heart, Health, andDisease: A Medical-AnthropologicalStudy -- Abstract -- Introduction and Plan -- Biomedical Context of CardiovascularDisease and Culture -- Indigenous American Conception of the Heart andHealth -- A Contemporary Mayan Diagnostic Observation -- A Pueblo Cultural Dianostic -- A Sioux Cultural Diagnostic -- A Quechua Iachak's Disagnosis and Remedy -- Hermeneutic Analysis -- Indigenous Lifestyle Factors -- Some Implications for Comprehensive PreventionPlanning -- Conclusion -- References -- Coping with Psychosocial StressReflects in Changesin the Neuro-Endocrine andCardiovascular Profile of Africans -- Abstract -- Introduction -- History and Background (Africans Refer to BlackAfricans Unless Otherwise Indicated) -- Neuro-Endocrine Activity, Coping, StressHormones and Cardiovascular Function inUrbanized Africans -- Neuro-Endocrine Activity -- The Stress Response -- Stress Hormone Ratios -- Cardiovascular Function -- Cardiovascular Risk Factors -- Interaction between Stress Hormones andCardiovascular Function -- Interaction between Coping Styles andCardiovascular Function -- Interaction between Coping Styles and StressHormones -- Conclusion -- References -- Sudden Death:Neurocardiologic Mystery -- Abstract -- Model, Symptoms and/Or Associated Changeswith Sudden Death -- Mechanisms for Risk of SUDEP -- Risk Factors for SUDEP -- Stress and Sudden Death -- Prevention of Sudden Death -- Needed Studies -- References -- Impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation,Exercise Training, and Fitness onPsychological Distress -- Impact of Exercise Training -- Exercise Training and Psychological Distress -- Psychological Distress and Mortality -- Mechanisms -- Other Psychological Interventions -- Conclusion -- References.

Common Presenting PsychosocialProblems for Implantable CardioverterDefibrillator Patients: A Primer forConsulting Professionals -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Survival and Quality Of Life Outcomeswith the ICD -- Common Presenting Concerns for ICD Patients -- Common Cognitive Concerns -- Common Behavioral Concerns -- Beyond the Normative Experience:Psychopathology in the ICD Patient Population -- Depression -- Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress -- Type D Personality -- Formal Assessment and Treatment for the ICDPatient -- Assessment -- Addressing Patient Adjustment with Education -- Psychosocial Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- Is Coronary Heart Disease RiskUnderestimated in the Primary CareSetting? The Potential Importance ofthe Psychological Stress Assessment -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Risk Factor Debate -- Evidence of Underestimation from CoronaryCalcium Studies -- Evidence of Underestimation from AutopsyStudies -- Other Imaging Evidence of Problems withTraditional Risk Factors -- Atherosclerosis and Young Individuals -- Stress and Atherosclerosis -- Ranking Stress among the Risk Factors for CHD -- The Challenge-Identification and Quantificationof Stress in the Office Setting -- In Search of the Best Protocol for theIdentification of CHD Risk -- Conclusions -- References -- Psychosocial Interventions in Womenwith Coronary Heart Disease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Effects of Cardiac Rehabilition -- Predictors of Women's Participation in CardiacRehabilition -- Effects of Psychosocial Interventions -- Characteristics and Needs of Women with CHD -- Information Deficits -- Minimization of Symptoms and Treatment Delay -- Family Obligations, Double Loads of Work and Family and Marital Stress -- Conclusion and Recommendation -- References -- Effectiveness of MusicalStimulation during IntracardiacCatheterization -- Abstract -- Introduction.

Music Therapy and Invasive Procedures/MusicTherapy in Cardiology.