Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Editors and Authors -- Abbreviations -- 1. Overview -- Introduction -- Transformational Change in Living Standards in the Region -- The Asset-Based Approach to Gauging Household Income -- The Income Generating Capacity of the Less Well Off -- Final Remarks -- Notes -- References -- 2. Shared Prosperity and Poverty Reduction in Urban Argentina -- Introduction -- Background -- Diagnostics -- Policy Discussion -- Notes -- References -- 3. Poverty and Shared Prosperity in Brazil: Where to Next? -- Introduction -- The Impressive Pace of Poverty Reduction -- A Positive Performance, but Challenges Remain -- What Is Behind the Rapid Reduction in Poverty? -- The Challenges Ahead and the Role of Policy in Poverty Reduction -- Final Remarks -- Annex 3A Labor Market Characteristics, Brazil -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 4. Toward Shared Prosperity in Colombia -- Introduction -- Background -- Building the Foundations of Shared Prosperity: Recent Trends -- The Drivers of the Observed Changes in Poverty and Inequality -- Boosting Shared Prosperity -- Final Remarks -- Annex 4A Decomposing Poverty Reduction -- Annex 4B Incomes and the MPI -- Notes -- References -- 5. Shared Prosperity and Opportunities in El Salvador -- Introduction -- Poverty, Shared Prosperity, and Inequality: Levels and Trends -- Who Has Moved Out of Poverty in the Past Decade? -- What Has Driven Poverty and Inequality Reduction? -- Bringing about Change in Welfare and Shared Prosperity -- Final Remarks -- Annex 5A Supplementary Data -- Notes -- References -- 6. Is Mexico on the Path to Shared Prosperity? -- Introduction -- The Macroeconomic Context -- Welfare Trends over the Past 20 Years -- Drivers of the Trends in Welfare -- Policy Channels for Poverty Reduction -- Final Remarks: The Policy Challenge -- Annex 6A Data Sources.

Annex 6B Migration and the Labor Force -- Notes -- References -- 7. Poverty and Shared Prosperity in Paraguay -- Introduction -- Trends in Poverty and Shared Prosperity -- Drivers behind the Trends -- Key Challenges -- Final Remarks -- Notes -- References -- 8. Steering toward Shared Prosperity in Peru -- Introduction -- Outstanding Performance in Poverty Reduction -- Inequality Has Narrowed, but Remains Significant -- Economic Growth: The Main Driver of Improvement -- Opportunities to Boost Shared Prosperity -- Final Remarks -- Annex 8A Poverty Rates and Gini Coefficients -- Annex 8B Profile of the Poor and the Bottom 40 -- Annex 8C Macrodata -- Annex 8D Decomposition of Changes in Extreme Poverty and Inequality by Income Components -- Notes -- References -- 9. Poverty and Shared Prosperity in Uruguay -- Introduction -- Trends in Growth, Poverty, and Shared Prosperity -- Drivers of the Reductions in Poverty and Inequality -- Key Challenges -- Final Remarks -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- 1.1 Poverty Trends in the Caribbean -- 1.2 Stagnation in the Contraction of Income Inequality in the Region -- 1.3 Explaining the Decline in Labor Force Participation among the Bottom 40 -- 1.4 Connectivity Infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean -- 1.5 The Asset-Based Approach: Indigenous Populations -- 1.6 The Poverty Effects of High Food Prices, Paraguay -- 1.7 Shocks, Coping, and the Impact on Household Welfare, Haiti -- 3.1 Poverty Measurement in Brazil -- 3.2 The Bolsa Família Program, Brazil -- 3.3 The Brasil sem Misería Plan -- 3.4 The National Education Plan, Brazil -- 4.1 The Growth of the Middle Class in Colombia and the Region -- 5.1 Inequality and Shared Prosperity: From Statistics to Experiences in San Salvador -- 6A.1 Income Aggregates, Mexico -- 8.1 Comparing Mobility Out of Poverty in Peru and the Region -- Figures.

1.1 Socioeconomic Composition of the Population, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003 and 2012 -- 1.2 Shared Prosperity: Annualized Income Growth, Developing Regions, around 2006-11 -- 1.3 Average GDP Growth Rates, Latin America and the Caribbean, 1990-2013 -- 1.4 Trends in the Gini Coefficient, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003-12 -- 1.5 Extreme Poverty Rates, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003-12 -- 1.6 Composition of the Bottom 40, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003 and 2012 -- 1.7 Income Growth among the Bottom 40, Latin America and the Caribbean, around 2003-12 -- 1.8 Income Growth, Bottom 40 and the Entire Population, Latin America and the Caribbean, around 2003-12 -- 1.9 Contributions of Growth and Redistribution to Falls in Extreme Poverty, Latin America and the Caribbean, around 2003-12 -- B1.2.1 Gini Coefficient: Annualized Changes, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003-10 and 2010-12 -- 1.10 The Asset-Based Approach to the Generation of Household Market Income -- 1.11 Labor Income, Bottom 40 and Top 60, Latin America and the Caribbean, around 2012 -- 1.12 The Reduction in Extreme Poverty, by Income Component, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003-12 -- 1.13 Educational Attainment, Bottom 40 and Top 60, Latin America and the Caribbean, around 2003-12 -- 1.14 Completion of Sixth Grade on Time, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2000-12 -- 1.15 Gaps in Labor Force Participation, Bottom 40 and Top 60, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003-12 -- B1.4.1 Electricity Coverage Rates, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2000-12 -- B1.4.2 Cell Phone Coverage Rates, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2000-12 -- B1.4.3 Internet Coverage Rates, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2000-12 -- 1.16 The Rise in Hourly Wages, Bottom 40 and Top 60, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003-12.

B1.5.1 2.50 and 4.00-a-Day Poverty Rates, Indigenous Populations, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2000-12 -- 1.17 Transfers, Bottom 40 and Top 60, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003-12 -- 1.18 Food Consumption in Total Consumption, Latin America and the Caribbean, around 2010 -- B1.6.1 Changes in the Extreme Poverty Rate, Paraguay, 2003-11 and 2011-13 -- 1.19 Incidence and Poverty Effects of Natural Disasters, World Regions and Latin America and the Caribbean, 1970-2009 -- 1.20 Shocks Reported by the Bottom 40 and Top 60, Peru, 2013 -- 1.21 Policy Areas That Affect Household Income Generating Capacity -- 2.1 Poverty Rates and the Share of Income Held by the Bottom 40, Argentina, 1991-2012 -- 2.2 Poverty Headcounts, Urban Areas, Argentina, 2004-12 -- 2.3 Annualized Income Growth Ratio, the Bottom 40, Urban Argentina vs Region, 2003-12 -- 2.4 Trends in Inequality, Urban Argentina and the Region, 2004-12 -- 2.5 Employment Profile, Argentina, 2004-12 -- 2.6 Average Monthly Earnings, by Gender and Educational Attainment, Argentina, 2004 and 2012 -- 2.7 Improved Sanitation: Disparities in the HOI and Coverage, by Location and Region, Argentina, 2012 -- 2.8 Sector of Employment, by Educational Attainment, Argentina, 2012 -- 2.9 Government Spending as a Share of GDP, Argentina, 2003 and 2009 -- 2.10 The Impact of the Pension Moratorium on Pension Coverage and Poverty, Argentina, 2004-12 -- 2.11 Public Transfers, Households with Children and Low Educational Attainment, Argentina, 2004-12 -- 3.1 Poverty Lines, Brazil, 1999-2013 -- 3.2 The Reduction in Poverty, by State, Brazil, 2001-12 -- 3.3 Matrix of Multidimensional and Income Poverty, Brazil, 2004 and 2012 -- 3.4 Convergence in Poverty Reduction, Brazil, 2004-2013 -- 3.5 The Poor, the Vulnerable, and the Middle Class, Brazil and the Region, 2004 and 2012.

3.6 Shares of the Country's Bottom 40, by State and Macroregion, Brazil, 2012 -- 3.7 Income Growth, Bottom 40 and Overall Population, by State, Brazil, 2002-12 -- 3.8 Trends in Inequality, Brazil, 2001-12 -- 3.9 Income Distribution, Brazil, 2012 -- 3.10 Annualized GDP per Capita Growth Rate, Latin America and Caribbean, 1999-2012 -- 3.11 Annualized Growth Incidence Curve, Brazil, 2001-12 -- 3.12 Formal and Informal Jobs, Brazil, 2001-11 -- 3.13 Income Components in the Decline in Poverty, Brazil, 2003-12 -- 3.14 The Gini Coefficient before and after Government Transfers and Taxes, Brazil, 2009 -- 3.15 Ratio of the Share of Taxes Paid to the Share of Total Market Income, Brazil, 2009 -- 3.16 Trends in Selected Opportunities, Service Coverage, Brazil, 1981-2012 -- 3.17 The HOI for Completing Grade 6 on Time, by State, Brazil, 2012 -- 3.18 Attendance in Secondary School, 13-17 Age Group, by Income Decile, Brazil, 2012 -- 3.19 Households Connected to Sewerage Networks, by Income Decile, Brazil, 2012 -- 3.20 Share of Informality, by Location and Welfare-Consumption Group, Brazil, 2012 -- 3.21 Labor Productivity per Person Employed, Selected Countries and Regions, 2012 -- 3.22 Labor Productivity, the Real Average Wage, and the Minimum Wage, Brazil, 2004-14 -- 3.23 Use of Financial Instruments, Region vs. Brazil, 2011 -- 4.1 The Reductions in Moderate, Extreme, and Multidimensional Poverty, Colombia, 2002-13 -- B4.1.1 The Growth of the Middle Class, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2002-12 -- 4.2 The Incidence of Poverty and Extreme Poverty, by Population and Urban or Rural Location, Colombia, 2002-13 -- 4.3 Annualized Growth Rate in Income, the Bottom 40 and the Mean, Colombia, 2002-13 -- 4.4 Improvements in the SPI, by Department, Colombia, 2002-13 -- 4.5 The Gini Coefficient, Selected Countries, Latin America and the Caribbean, 2002-12.

4.6 Inequality, by Income Source, Colombia, 2002-13.