Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Security Issues and Implications for Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia* -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Overview of U.S. Policy -- External Security Context -- Overview -- Internal Security Problems and Progress -- Political and Social Disorder -- U.S. Policy and Issues -- U.S. Security and Law Enforcement Assistance -- Safety of U.S. Citizens and Investments -- Issues for Congress -- Appendix 1: Selected Players -- References -- Political Developments in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia* -- Abstract -- Most Recent Developments -- Background -- Overview of U.S. Policy Concerns -- Obstacles to Peace and Independence -- Regional Tensions and Conflicts -- Economic Conditions, Blockades, and Stoppages -- Democratization and Human Rights Problems -- The South Caucasus's External Security Context -- Russian Involvement in the Region -- The Roles of Turkey, Iran, and Others -- U.S. Aid Overview -- U.S. Security Assistance -- U.S. Trade and Investment -- Energy Resources and U.S. Policy -- 109th Congress Legislation -- H.Con.Res. 195 (Schiff) -- H.R. 3361 (Knollenberg)/S. 2461 (Santorum) -- H.R. 3103 (Schiff) -- H.R. 5122 (Hunter) -- H.R. 5522 (Kolbe) -- H.Res. 316 (Radanovich)/S.Res. 320 (Ensign) -- H.Res. 326 (Gallegly)/S.Res. 226 (Biden)/S.Res. 260 (Biden) -- S. 2749 (Brownback) -- S. 4014 (Lugar) -- S.Res. 69 (Lugar) -- S.Res. 139 (Reid) -- S.Res. 344 (McCain) -- References -- Anti-Georgian Hysteria -- References -- 2005: A Year of Corruption, Fraud, Intrigue, Protest and Some Progress in the Caucasus -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Intrigue in Azerbaijan -- American and European Interests in Azerbaijan -- Developments Preceding the Parliamentary Elections -- Azadliq and the Azeri Super Rich -- Parliamentary Elections -- The OSCE's Findings -- Aliyev's Initial Response.

Aliyev Swings his Big Stick -- Managed Democracy -- What the West Should Do -- Armenia and the Millennium Challenge Corporation -- Georgia: Bush in, Russians Out -- Some Europeans Critical of Saakashvili -- Russian Troop Withdrawals -- Other Georgian-Russian Issues -- Two Jolts to Georgian-Russian Relations -- Recent Developments Regarding Abkhazia and South Ossetia -- Year Ends on Sour Note -- Conclusion -- References -- Bringing Peace to Chechnya? Assessments and Implications* -- Abstract -- Background -- Elections and Peace-Making -- The Constitutional Referendum -- Chechnya's October 2003 Presidential Election -- The Assassination of Akhmad Kadyrov and -- the August 2004 Chechen Presidential Election -- The November 2005 Chechen Legislative Election -- Federal Elections -- Implications for Chechnya and Russia -- Implications for U.S. Interests -- References -- Azerbaijan's 2005 Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications for U.S. Interests -- Abstract -- Background -- The Campaign -- Results -- Implications for Azerbaijan -- Implications for U.S. Interests -- References -- Armenia: A Country Study -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Introduction -- Armenia -- Azerbaijan -- Georgia -- Country Profile -- Country -- Geography -- Economy -- Transportation and Telecommunications -- Government and Politics -- National Security -- Historical Background -- The Ancient Period -- Early Christianity -- The Middle Ages -- Between Russia and Turkey -- Russian Influence Expands -- National Self-Awareness -- The Young Turks -- World War I and Its Consequences -- Postwar Realignment -- Into the Soviet Union -- The Communist Era -- Stalinist Restructuring -- Communism after Stalin -- The New Nationalism -- Nagorno-Karabakh and Independence -- Karabakh as a National Issue -- The Karabakh Crisis Escalates, 1989 -- A New Political Climate.

Independence -- Postindependence Armenia -- Physical Environment -- Topography and Drainage -- Climate -- Environmental Problems -- Population and Ethnic Composition -- Population Characteristics -- Ethnic Minorities -- Language, Culture, and Religion -- Language -- Culture -- Literature and the Arts -- National Traditions -- Religion -- The Armenian Diaspora -- Education, Health, and Social Welfare -- Education -- Health -- Social Welfare -- The Economy -- Modern Economic History -- Natural Resources -- Agriculture -- Industry -- Energy -- Postcommunist Economic Reform -- Labor and the Standard of Living -- The National Financial Structure -- Banking -- The National Budget -- Price Policy -- Transportation and Telecommunications -- Foreign Trade -- Government and Politics -- Parliament -- The Presidency -- State Administrative Bodies -- The Judiciary -- The Constitution -- Local Government -- Political Parties -- Human Rights -- The Media -- Foreign Relations -- Azerbaijan -- Georgia, Iran, and Turkey -- The Commonwealth of Independent States -- The United States -- National Security -- Geopolitical Situation -- The Military -- Regular Forces -- Reserves -- The Russian Role -- Internal Security -- Crime -- Prisons -- Appendix A. Tables -- Bibliography -- Armenia (Caucasus) -- Section 1 -- Section 2 -- Section 3 -- Glossary -- Armenia (Caucasus) -- A Country Study: Azerbaijan -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Introduction -- Armenia -- Azerbaijan -- Georgia -- Country Profile -- Country -- Geography -- Society -- Economy -- Government and Politics -- National Security -- Historical Background -- Early History -- Persian and Greek Influences -- The Introduction of Islam and the Turkish Language -- Within the Russian Empire -- Russian Influences in the Nineteenth Century -- The Spirit of Revolution -- World War I and Independence.

Within the Soviet Union -- Determination of Borders and Status -- Stalin and Post-Stalin Politics -- After Communist Rule -- Demands for Sovereignty and the Soviet Reaction -- The Issue of Nagorno-Karabakh -- Independence -- Political Instability -- Efforts to Resolve the Nagorno-Karabakh Crisis, 1993 -- Physical Environment -- Topography and Drainage -- Climate -- Environmental Problems -- Population and Ethnic Composition -- Population Characteristics -- The Role of Women -- Smaller Ethnic Minorities -- Language, Religion, and Culture -- Language -- Religion -- The Arts -- Literature and Music -- Decorative Arts and Crafts -- Architecture -- The Cultural Renaissance -- Education, Health, and Welfare -- Education -- Health -- Social Welfare -- The Economy -- The Work Force -- Economic Dislocations -- Agriculture -- Industry -- Energy -- Economic Reform -- Price Liberalization -- Privatization -- The Budget -- Banking -- Foreign Trade -- Transportation and Telecommunications -- Government and Politics -- The Appearance of Opposition Parties -- The Azerbaijani Popular Front -- Party Configuration after 1991 -- Legislative Politics -- The Presidential Election of 1992 -- The Coup of June 1993 -- Aliyev and the Presidential Election of October 1993 -- The Constitution -- The Court System -- Human Rights and the Media -- Foreign Relations -- The Foreign Policy Establishment -- Post-Soviet Diplomacy -- Relations with Former Soviet Republics -- National Security -- Forming a National Defense Force -- Russian Troop Withdrawal -- Force Levels and Performance -- Supply and Budgeting -- Aliyev's National Security Reform -- Crime and Crime Prevention -- Narcotics Trade -- Crime Prevention Agencies -- Appendix A. Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Azerbaijan (Caucasus) -- Section 1 -- Section 2 -- Section 3 -- Glossary -- Azerbaijan (Caucasus).

Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects -- Abstract -- Current Production and Proven Reserves -- Resource and Production Prospects -- Present and Prospective Markets -- Challenges to Further Development -- References -- The Paschal Epistle by His Holiness and Beatitude Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, Ilia II -- Index.