Evidence-Based Nursing Care for Stroke and Neurovascular Conditions -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- NEUROVASCULAR NURSING -- SPECIALIZED CELLS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM -- Neurons -- Astrocytes -- Microglia -- Oligodendrocytes -- BRAIN STRUCTURE -- Frontal lobe -- Parietal lobe -- Temporal lobe -- Occipital lobe -- Diencephalon structures -- Cerebellum -- Brainstem structures -- CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW -- Cerebral blood vessel structure -- BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER -- Major vessels -- ANTERIOR CIRCULATION -- Internal carotid arteries -- Middle cerebral arteries -- Anterior cerebral arteries -- Anterior communicating artery -- POSTERIOR CIRCULATION -- Vertebral arteries -- Basilar artery -- Posterior cerebral arteries -- Posterior communicating arteries -- Circle of Willis -- FACTORS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW -- Metabolic factors -- Pressure -- Neural input -- REFERENCES -- 2 Transient Ischemic Attacks -- DEFINITION -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- PHYSIOLOGIC CAUSES -- PREVENTION -- DIAGNOSIS -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTING RECOMMENDED -- Vessel assessment to stratify risk of stroke -- Embolic etiologies -- Laboratory assessment -- REFERENCES -- 3 Ischemic Stroke -- DEFINITION -- PREVALENCE/INCIDENCE -- ACUTE MEDICAL EVENTS THAT RESULT IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA -- Cardiac arrest -- Drowning -- Strangulation -- Choking -- Closed head injury -- Carbon monoxide poisoning -- CHRONIC CAUSES OF ISCHEMIC STROKE -- Pathophysiology by subclassification of ischemic stroke -- STROKE PREVENTION -- Embolic stroke prevention -- Thrombotic stroke prevention -- RISK FACTOR MODIFICATION -- Carotid stenosis -- ACUTE CARE -- Thrombolytics -- Interventional treatment -- Nursing care -- Acute care -- Support of hemodynamic stability -- Other nursing support and prevention -- LONG-TERM CARE OF THE STROKE PATIENT.

Maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion -- Maximizing function - rehab concepts -- POST-ACUTE-STROKE PLACEMENT AND CARE -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 4 Intracerebral Hemorrhage -- RISK FACTORS -- MORTALITY AND PROGNOSIS -- CLASSIFICATION -- Hypertensive ICH -- Lobar ICH -- Anticoagulant therapy-induced ICH -- ICH secondary to any primary hematologic disorder -- Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) -- Cavernous angioma -- Drug-use-associated ICH -- Neoplasm -- Venous sinus thrombosis -- Ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic conversion -- Trauma -- Mycotic aneurysm -- Aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage -- DIAGNOSIS -- CLINICAL MANIFESTATION -- Recurrence -- MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- 5 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- PREVENTION -- DIAGNOSIS -- ACUTE CARE -- Aneurysm securement -- Post-operative care -- AVM securement -- Support of hemodynamic stability -- Hydrocephalus -- Hyponatremia -- Cerebral edema -- LONG-TERM CARE -- REFERENCES -- 6 Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy -- DEFINITION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- DIAGNOSIS -- Clinical diagnostic criteria -- Associated diagnoses -- CAA COMPLICATIONS -- Intracerebral Hemorrhage -- Use of antithrombotic agents -- Anticoagulation therapy -- Hypertension -- DRUG RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- Summary and conclusions -- REFERENCES -- 7 Vascular Malformations -- CEREBRAL ANEURYSM -- Definition and epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Monitoring and rupture prevention -- Aneurysm securement methods -- Post-operative care -- ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION -- Definition and epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Management -- Diagnosis and monitoring -- Surgical treatments -- Embolization -- Radiosurgery -- CEREBRAL CAVERNOUS MALFORMATION -- Definition and epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Management -- Anti-epileptic medications -- Surgical intervention -- Ongoing research -- REFERENCES.

8 Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- SYMPTOMS -- DIAGNOSIS -- Genetic Testing -- Skin Biopsy Testing -- Radiographic Testing -- Genetic Counseling -- Psychological Counseling -- PREVENTION OF ACUTE STROKE -- MANAGING SYMPTOMS -- Migraines -- Cognitive decline -- REFERENCES -- 9 Migraine Headache -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- DIAGNOSIS -- Diagnostic criteria -- Assessment -- PREVENTING MIGRAINES -- Identifying and avoiding triggers -- Antidepressants -- Anti-epileptics -- Behavioral therapies -- TREATING MIGRAINES -- Anti-emetic agents -- Caffeine -- Ergot alkaloids -- Steroids -- Medications in development -- ADDITIONAL RESOURCES -- REFERENCES -- 10 Moyamoya Disease -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- DIAGNOSIS -- MEDICAL TREATMENT -- SURGICAL TREATMENTS -- Preoperative care -- Operative procedures -- Intra-operative care -- Post-operative care -- REFERENCES -- 11 Binswanger's Disease -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- DIAGNOSIS -- PREVENTION -- SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT -- Management of contributing factors -- Cognitive and psychological symptom management -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 12 Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- DEFINING APS -- TYPES -- PATHOGENESIS -- PREVALENCE -- LABORATORY TESTING -- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS -- Thrombosis in pregnancy -- Thrombosis of the cardiovascular system -- Thrombosis of the nervous system -- Thrombocytopenia -- Generalized APS -- APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS -- History -- Physical examination -- Diagnostic testing -- Imaging studies -- TREATMENT -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 13 Vasculitis of the Central Nervous System and Cranial Vessel (Arteritis) -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION -- EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH -- History -- Physical examination features -- Cardiovascular system.

Respiratory system -- Neurological system -- Integumentary system -- Musculoskeletal system -- DIAGNOSIS -- CLINICAL FEATURES -- DIAGNOSTIC TESTING -- Laboratory -- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) -- Thrombocytosis -- Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) -- Imaging studies -- TREATMENT -- Corticosteroid tapering -- Treatment in the presence of visual loss -- Other therapies -- Follow-Up -- Relapse -- Complications -- PROGNOSIS -- REFERENCES -- Index.