Foreword by Robert N. Rosen -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- I. The "Period of the Great German-American Symbiosis": Immigration & Settlement, 1820-1860 -- 1. A Forgotten Chapter: German Immigration and Settlement in the Southern United States in the Period between 1820 and 1860. -- 2. The "Avoidance of the South Syndrome": Mutualities among the German Revolutionaries of 1848. -- 2.1 The Ideals of the "48ers": A Private Declaration of War on the South -- 2.2 The Lonely Crowd: "48ers" in the South, especially in the Cities of Charleston, Richmond, and New Orleans -- II. In the Land of Masters and Slaves: the Urban South as the New Home of German Immigrants -- 1. The Holy City: Charleston, South Carolina. -- 2. The City at the Falls: Richmond, Virginia -- 3. The Crescent City: New Orleans, Louisiana. -- 4. Comparative Statistics: Germans in the Urban South (1850-1870) -- III. Know-Nothing Nativism in Richmond, New Orleans, and Charleston in the 1850's: the Dress Rehearsal for 1861. -- 1. Pandora's Box: the Radical Agitation of Carl Steinmetz, a "48er" Immigrant, in Nativist Richmond. -- 2. "In dubio pro reo": Nativist New Orleans, Christian Roselius, and the Germans. -- 3. "If God will, let these days come back again": the Lack of Nativism in the Lives of the Germans in Charleston -- IV. The Antebellum Militias of South Carolina and Virginia up to December, 1860: Organization and Significance -- 1. The Development of German Militia Units in Charleston, South Carolina, up to December 1860: "[...] The highest duty of the adopted citizen was to the community in which he had made his home.".

1.1 The Officers of the German Antebellum Militia Companies of Charleston, South Carolina: a Leadership Elite between Nepotism and Patriotism -- 1.2 German Antebellum Militias as the Basis of Ethnic German Civil War Companies of the City of Charleston -- 2. The Development of the German Militia Units of Richmond, Virginia, up toDecember 1860: "[...] to enhance the respect of our co-citizens for us." -- 2.1 The Officers of the Virginia Rifles, Richmond: a Militia without "Ethnic Spokesmen" -- 2.2 German Antebellum Militias as the Basis of Ethnic German Civil War Companies of the City of Richmond -- V. Goliath and his Pygmies: The German Antebellum Militias in New Orleans -- 1. German Antebellum Militias in New Orleans, Louisiana (1806-1860): Lack of Tradition and Continuity -- 2. "A Mountain has Borne a Tiny Mouse!": Mobilization of the Militia in New Orleans and the Long-held Dream of a German Battalion. -- 2.1 Louis Hellwig and his Efforts to Form a German Battalion in New Orleans (January-July 1861) -- 2.2 The Second Attempt: the Hansa Guards Battalion under C. T. Buddecke (October 1861-February 1862) -- 2.3 Reichard's Battalion: the Final Attempt to Organize a German Battalion under the Leadership of the Prussian Consul August Reichard -- VI. The Military Participation of the Ethnic German minority in Charleston, Richmond, and New Orleans (1861-1865) -- 1. The Question of Loyalty and Citizenship as a Basic Precondition for Service in the Confederate Army -- 1.1 Exemption: The Legally Sanctioned Liberation from Confederate Military Service -- 1.2 The Source of Endless Corruption: The Substitution System and the Payment of Premiums.

1.3 Commutation Clauses and the Twenty-Negro Law: Possibilities for Wealthy Citizens to Buy Their Freedom From Conscription -- 2. Ethnic German Military Units from Charleston: the Attempt at a Socio-Military Analysis. -- 2.1 Captain Bachman's German Volunteers: the Native-born Elite among the Germans of Charleston. -- 2.2 Charleston's German Artillery, Companies A & B: Wagener, Melchers, and the Heroes of Port Royal -- 2.3 The Epitome of German Prosperity in Charleston: Captain Cordes and his German Hussars -- 2.4 Facts and Numbers: Evaluation of the Troop Compilations of the Ethnic German Companies of Charleston -- 3. Ethnic German Military Units from Richmond: the Attempt at a Socio-Military Analysis. -- 3.1 The Virginia Rifles as Company K of the 1st Virginia Infantry Regiment: Twelve Months in the Service of Tradition. -- 3.2 The Marion Rifles as Company K of the 15th Virginia Infantry Regiment: the Military Pride of the Germans of Richmond -- 3.3 Service in the 19th Virginia Militia Regiment: the Final Ethnic German Conscription in Richmond. -- 3.4 Facts and Numbers: Evaluation of the Troop Compilations of the Ethnic German Companies of Richmond. -- 4. Ethnic German Military Units from New Orleans: the Attempt at a Socio-Military Analysis. -- 4.1 Colonel Reichard's 20th Louisiana Infantry Regiment: "One of the best Louisiana regiments in existence [...]" -- 4.2 "I have been trying my best to perform my duty in the sacred cause of my adopted country": Colonel Reichard between War and Peace. -- 4.3 Facts and Numbers: Evaluation of the Troop Compilations of the Ethnic German Companies of New Orleans. -- VII. Anaconda & Martial Law: The Germans of the Confederacy in the Stranglehold of the Enemy.

1. Blockade-Running: "What most people don't seem to realize is that there is just as much money to be made out of the wreckage of a civilization as from the upbuilding of one.". -- 1.1 Adventurers, Captains, Privateers, and Patriots: German Diversity on the Ocean. -- 1.2 "To export produce from the State to neutral ports..." - The Importing & Exporting Company of South Carolina and its German Investors. -- 2. The Janus Head of the Blockade: German Charity Organizations, Soldier Social Care, Free Markets, and Bread Riots -- 2.1 The Free Market of New Orleans as a Social and Patriotic German Field of Activity -- 2.2 Saints and Sinners: The German Minority under Martial Law in Civil War Richmond -- 2.3 "We may learn something from our German citizens": German Mobility and Autonomy in Charleston. -- VIII. The First Phase of Reconstruction, 1865-1870: a New Beginning for the Ethnic German Minority -- 1. Ethnic German Inhabitants of a Unionist Island in the Confederate Sea: New Orleans between the Recruitment of Soldiers and Emancipation Politics (1862-1865) -- 2. "We reject [...] to be placed on equal political and social footing with the negroes": the Political Self-Assertion of the Ethnic German Minority of Richmond (1865-1870). -- 3. Charleston redeemed: Charleston's Ethnic German Minority and its Mayor Johann A. Wagener (1865-1873). -- 4. The Deutsche Gesellschaft von New Orleans and the Recruitment of Immigrants (1865-1870): Germans as Slave Substitutes on Louisiana Plantations -- 5. The Deutsche Einwanderungs-Gesellschaft des Staates Virginia: a Center of Activity for German Confederate Veterans (1865-1870).

6. Hated by the Republicans, loved by the Germans: J. A. Wagener, Franz Melchers, and the German Immigration, Land and Trading Company of Charleston (1865-1870) -- Conclusions -- Bibliography and Sources -- Manuscripts and Manuscript Collections -- Contemporary Sources -- Other published Primary Sources -- Newspapers -- Secondary Sources and Reference Works -- Appendix A: Ethnic German Companies of South Carolina -- Appendix B: Ethnic German Companies of Virginia -- Appendix C: Ethnic German Companies of Louisiana -- Appendix D: Comparative Population Statistics: Germans in the South (1850-1870) -- List of Tables -- List of Illustrations -- Index.