Handbook of Loss Prevention Engineering -- Contents to Volume 1 -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Part I Engineering Management for Loss Prevention Engineering -- 1 Management Systems - Loss Prevention Engineering Programs and Policy -- 1.1 Introduction - Understanding the Need for Management Systems -- 1.2 Management Systems - Definitions -- 1.3 Loss Prevention Engineering - Considerations -- 1.4 Management Systems - Loss Prevention Engineering -- 1.4.1 Leadership Commitment -- 1.4.2 Vision and Objectives -- 1.4.3 Resources / Policy / Processes / Procedure / Regulations -- 1.4.3.1 Resources -- 1.4.3.2 Policy -- 1.4.3.3 Regulatory Consideration -- 1.4.3.4 Processes -- 1.4.3.5 HES Processes Approach and Structure -- 1.4.4 Business Planning (HES) -- 1.4.5 Implementation -- 1.4.6 Evaluation of Management System for Improvement -- 1.4.7 Periodic Corporation Audit -- 1.4.8 Enterprise Audit Plan -- 1.4.9 Audits Levels and Continuous Improvement -- Appendix 1.A: BCN - NSHE Sample Drug and Alcohol Policy -- Appendix 1.B: Behavior-Based Safety Supporting Tool -- Appendix 1.C: Sample Internal Simple Inspection Checklist -- References -- 2 Resource Allocation and Effectiveness Measures for Loss Prevention -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 What Is Loss Prevention/Safety and Health Intervention? -- 2.3 Historical Perspective of Resource Allocation for Loss Prevention -- 2.4 Loss Prevention/Safety and Health Intervention Effectiveness Evaluation -- 2.5 Importance of Multiple Factors in Loss Prevention -- 2.6 Research Methodology in Resource Allocation for Loss Prevention -- 2.7 Experimental Method -- 2.8 Analysis and Results -- 2.9 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Engineering Systems and Engineering Economics of Loss Prevention -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cost of Injuries -- 3.3 Return on Investment Versus Cost Savings Versus Productivity Savings.

3.4 Engineering Economics -- 3.5 Engineering Economic Decision-Making -- 3.6 Net Present Value Comparison (Equipment Replacement) -- 3.6.1 Final Result and Decision -- 3.6.2 Accept or Reject Decision for a Simple Investment Based on Rate of Return -- 3.7 Payback Period Comparison -- 3.8 Financial Considerations of a Loss Prevention Engineering Project -- 3.8.1 Project Budget -- 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Safety Management and Culture -- 4.1 What Is Organizational Culture? -- 4.2 How Does Culture Form? -- 4.3 Why Is It Good Business to Improve Your Company's Culture? -- 4.4 Measuring Culture -- 4.5 How to Bring About Changes in Culture -- References -- 5 Leadership and Loss Prevention Engineering: Creating Conditions to Get Beyond Compliance to High Performance -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Management Theories -- 5.2.1 Scientific Management Theory -- 5.2.2 The Link Between Motivation in Individuals and Management Theories -- 5.2.3 Motivation Theories Integrated into Management Theories -- 5.2.3.1 Autonomy for the Individual -- 5.2.3.2 Competence for the Individual -- 5.2.3.3 Relatedness for Individual -- 5.3 Moving Beyond Mechanistic Management -- 5.4 Humanistic Organizations -- 5.4.1 Autonomy in Organizations -- 5.4.2 Competence in Organizations -- 5.4.3 Relatedness in Organizations -- 5.5 Case Studies of Humanistic Management -- References -- Part II Design and Analysis of Protective Systems - General Loss Prevention Engineering -- 6 General Loss Prevention Engineering Programs - Including Fire Loss Control -- 6.1 Background -- 6.2 Introduction -- 6.3 Elements of a Fire Loss Control Program -- 6.3.1 Policy Statement -- 6.3.2 Roles and Responsibilities -- 6.4 Fire Prevention Controls -- 6.4.1 Design Considerations - Selection of Materials for Construction -- 6.4.2 Fire Prevention Controls -- 6.4.3 Preventing Losses - Safe Hot Work Practices.

6.4.4 Identifying Electrical Hazards -- 6.4.5 Controlling Losses -- 6.4.6 Fire Impairment Management -- 6.4.6.1 Planned Impairments -- 6.4.6.2 Unplanned Impairments -- 6.4.6.3 Restoration of Impaired Systems -- 6.4.7 Plant Emergency Organization (PEO) -- 6.4.7.1 Firefighting Team Selection -- 6.4.7.2 Salvage and Restoration -- 6.4.7.3 Training -- 6.4.7.4 Written PEO Plan -- Appendix A. Loss Prevention Survey -- References -- 7 Permit-to-Work Systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Permit-to-Work Process -- 7.3 Regulations and Standards -- 7.4 Hot Work -- 7.5 Confined Space -- 7.6 Live Line Electrical Work -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 8 Excavation and Trenching -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Hazard Identification and Federal OSHA Regulation -- 8.3 Soil Types -- 8.3.1 Loess -- 8.3.2 Expansive Soils -- 8.3.3 Organic Soils and Peat -- 8.3.4 Colluvium and Talus -- 8.3.5 Shales and Degradable Materials -- 8.3.6 Caliche and Cemented Sands -- 8.3.7 Sensitive Clays and Sands -- 8.4 Basic Soil Mechanics Theory -- 8.5 Testing and Soil Classification Systems -- 8.5.1 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) -- 8.5.1.1 Procedures Which May Affect the Measured N Values -- 8.5.2 Cone Penetrometer -- 8.5.3 Other Types of Shear Tests (Laboratory) -- 8.6 Protective Systems -- 8.6.1 Slope Configurations (OSHA 29 CFR 1926) -- 8.6.1.1 Excavations Made in Type A Soil -- 8.6.1.2 Excavations Made in Type B Soil (OSHA 29 CFR 1926) -- 8.6.1.3 Excavations Made in Type C Soil (OSHA 29 CFR 1926) -- 8.6.2 Timber Shoring - Appendix C to OSHA 29 CFR 1926.652 -- 8.6.3 Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring - Appendix D to OSHA 29 CFR 1926.652 -- 8.6.4 Alternatives to Timber Shoring - Appendix E of OSHA 29 CFR 1926.652 -- Glossary (Taken in Part from Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers (Ricketts, Loftin, and Merritt, 2003) and OSHA 29 CFR 1926 (OSHA, 2012b)) -- References.

9 Machine Safeguarding -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Regulations and Standards -- 9.3 Machine Motion Hazards -- 9.4 Human Factor Aspects of Machine Guarding -- 9.5 Machine Safeguarding Methodology -- 9.6 Basic Machine Guarding Principles -- 9.7 Types of Machine Safeguarding -- 9.8 Machine Controls -- 9.9 Responsibilities of the Machine Builder -- 9.10 Mechanical Power Presses -- 9.11 Power Press Brakes -- 9.12 Conveyors -- 9.13 Roll-Forming and Roll-Bending Machines -- 9.14 Shearing Machines -- 9.15 Laser Machining -- 9.16 Robots -- 9.17 Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 10 Boilers and Pressure Vessels: a Brief Look at General Safeguards -- 10.1 Water -- 10.2 Safeguards -- 10.3 Codes, Regulations, and Training -- 10.4 Types of Boilers -- 10.5 Operating Considerations -- 10.6 Boiler Feed Water -- 10.7 Chemical Handling -- 10.8 Steam -- 10.9 Special Considerations for Pressure Vessels -- 10.10 Fire Detection and Control -- 10.11 Incident Investigation -- 10.12 Closing Thoughts -- References -- 11 Welding and Cutting -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Basic Equipment for Welding Comfortably and Safely -- 11.2.1 Eye Protection -- 11.2.2 Hand Protection -- 11.2.3 Body Protection -- 11.2.4 Respiratory Protection -- 11.3 The Welding Process -- 11.3.1 Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG) -- 11.3.2 Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) -- 11.4 Cutting -- 11.4.1 Safety -- 11.4.2 Plasma Cutting -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Power Tools -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Guards -- 12.3 Safety Switches -- 12.4 Electric Tools -- 12.5 Powered Abrasive Wheel Tools -- 12.6 Liquid Fuel Tools -- 12.7 Pneumatic Tools -- 12.8 Hydraulic Power Tools -- 12.8.1 Portable Hand-Held Circular Saw -- 12.8.2 Portable Angle Grinder -- 12.8.3 Portable Drill/Driver -- 12.8.4 Portable Sanders -- 12.8.5 Reciprocating Saws -- 12.8.6 Impact Wrench - Air and Electric -- 12.8.7 Jigsaw/Saber Saw.

12.8.8 Multifunction Power Tool -- 12.8.9 Heat Gun -- 12.8.10 Portable Air Compressor -- 12.8.11 Shop Vacuum -- 12.9 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Personal Protective Equipment -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 General Selection -- 13.3 Types -- 13.3.1 Head Protection -- 13.3.2 Hand Protection -- 13.3.3 General Hand Protection -- 13.3.4 Chemical Hand Protection -- 13.3.5 Hand Protection from Cuts and Punctures -- 13.3.6 Thermal and Flame Hand Protection -- 13.3.7 Eye and Face Protection -- 13.3.8 General Eye and Face Protection -- 13.3.9 Eye and Face Protection for Welding, Burning, and Brazing Activities -- 13.3.10 Eye Protection for Lasers -- 13.3.11 Foot -- 13.3.12 Ear -- 13.3.13 Heat, Flame, and Electric Arc -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Powered Industrial Trucks -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Lift Truck Accident Prevention: An Integrated Approach -- 14.3 Fork Truck Safety Observations -- 14.4 Making Safety Observations -- 14.4.1 Safe Speeds -- 14.4.2 Baseline Environment Status -- 14.4.3 Lighting -- 14.4.4 Housekeeping -- 14.4.5 Overhead Hazards -- 14.4.6 Other Safety Observations -- 14.5 Loading Dock Safety -- 14.6 Whole Body Vibration -- 14.7 Administrative Controls for Lift Truck Operator Strains and Sprain Prevention -- 14.8 Rack and Overhead Storage and Industrial Lift Truck Operations -- 14.9 Carbon Monoxide and Dilution Ventilation -- 14.10 MVR Program and Physical Requirements -- 14.11 Case Studies -- 14.11.1 Case Study 1 -- 14.11.1.1 The Events -- 14.11.1.2 Preventive Measures -- 14.11.2 Case Study 2 -- 14.11.2.1 The Events -- 14.11.2.2 Preventive Measures -- 14.11.3 Case Study 3 -- 14.11.3.1 The Events -- 14.11.3.2 Preventive Measures -- 14.12 Using Acceptable Safety Tolerances in Defining Preventive Maintenance -- 14.13 Industrial Lift Truck Accident Costs -- 14.13.1 Example.

14.14 Conclusions and Establishing Safe Behavior Observation Management Programs.