Cover -- Preface to the Fifth Edition -- Contents -- Chapter 1. Safety in the Chemical Laboratory -- 1.1 Protective Clothing -- 1.1.1 Equipment and Apparatus -- 1.2 Handling Chemicals -- 1.3 Flammable Materials -- 1.3.1 Corrosive and toxic Reagents -- 1.3.2 Irritant and Lachrymatory Chemicals -- 1.4 Eye Protection -- 1.5 Disposal of Chemicals and Solid Wastes -- 1.6 Guidelines in Case of Accident or Injury -- 1.7 Toxicity and Hazards of Chemicals -- Chapter 2. Laboratory Equipment and Techniques -- 2.1 Glasswares -- 2.2 Assemblies for Reactions -- 2.3 Distillation -- 2.3.1 Simple Distillation -- 2.3.2 Fractional Distillation -- 2.3.3 Distillation Under Reduced Pressure -- 2.3.4 Steam Distillation -- 2.4 Crystallization -- 2.5 Drying Agents -- 2.6 Cleaning Apparatus -- Chapter 3. Detection of Elements -- 3.1 Physical State -- 3.2 Color -- 3.3 Odor -- 3.4 Acid or Base Character -- 3.5 Ignition Test -- 3.6 Solubility -- 3.7 Elemental Analysis -- Chapter 4. Tests for Functional Groups -- 4.1 Alcoholic Group -- 4.2 Phenolic Group -- 4.3 Carbonyl Group -- 4.4 Carboxyl Group -- 4.5 Ester Group -- 4.6 Carbohydrates -- 4.7 Nitro Group -- 4.8 Amino Group -- 4.9 Amide Group -- 4.10 Anilide Group -- 4.11 Hydrocarbons -- 4.12 Unsaturation -- 4.13 Carbonic Acid Derivatives -- Chapter 5. Tests for Common Organic Compounds -- 5.1 Alcohols and Phenols -- 5.2 Carboxylic Acids -- 5.3 Aldehydes and Ketones -- 5.4 Esters -- 5.5 Amines -- 5.6 Amides and Anilides -- 5.7 Aryl Halides -- 5.8 Miscellaneous Compounds -- Chapter 6. Preparation of Derivatives -- 6.1 Derivatives of Alcohols -- 6.2 Derivatives of Phenols -- 6.3 Derivatives of Aldehydes and Ketones -- 6.4 Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids -- 6.5 Derivatives of Esters -- 6.6 Derivatives of Carbohydrates -- 6.7 Derivatives of Amines -- 6.8 Derivatives of Hydrocarbons -- 6.9 Derivatives of Alkenes and Alkynes.

6.10 Physical Constants -- 6.10.1 Melting Point -- 6.10.2 Boiling Point -- 6.11 Separation of Binary Mixtures -- 6.12 Physical Constants of Some Common Organic Compounds and Their Derivatives -- Chapter 7. Estimation of Functional Groups -- 7.1 Estimation of the Number of Hydroxyl (-OH) Groups in Alcohols -- 7.2 Determination of the Purity of Phenol -- 7.3 Determination of Equivalent Weight of a Carboxylic Acid -- 7.3.1 Silver Salt Method -- 7.3.2 Volumetric Method -- 7.4 Determination of Saponification Equivalent of an Ester -- 7.5 Estimation of a Keto Group -- 7.6 Estimation of an Aldehyde Group -- 7.7 Estimation of Sulfur (Messenger's Method) in Thiourea -- 7.8 Estimation of Nitrozen -- 7.9 Estimation of Amino Group -- 7.10 Estimation of the Number of Amide Groups -- 7.11 Estimation of Glycine (Amino Acid) -- 7.12 Determination of Percentage Purity of Glucose ( A Reducing Sugar) -- 7.13 Estimation of Saponification Value of an Oil or Fat -- 7.14 Determination of Iodine Number of an Unsaturated Compound -- 7.15 Estimation of the Reaction Constant -- 7.16 Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand -- 7.17 Estimation of keto-Enol Equilibrium of a Keto Ester -- 7.18 Determination of the Number of Methoxy Groups -- 7.19 Determination of Ascorbic Acid Concentration -- 7.20 Determination of Molecular Weight of a Substance -- Chapter 8. Organic Preparations -- 8.1 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions -- 8.1.1 Preparation of Nitrobenzene (Nitration) -- 8.1.2 Preparation of o- and p-Nitrophenols -- 8.1.3 Preparation of 2, 4, 6-Tribromoaniline (Bromination) -- 8.1.4 Preparation of Picric Acid (2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenol) -- 8.1.5 Relative Rates of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution -- 8.1.6 The Friedel-Crafts Reaction -- 8.1.6(a) Preparation of o-Benzoylbenzoic Acid (The Friedel-Crafts Reaction).

8.1.6(b) Preparation of Diphenylmethane (The Friedel-Crafts Reaction) -- 8.1.6(c) Preparation of B-Benzoylpropionic Acid (The Friedel-Crafts Reaction) -- 8.1.6(d) Preparation of p-Xylene-2-Sulfonic Acid -- 8.2 The Diels-Alder Reaction -- 8.2.1 Preparation of 9, 10-Dihydroanthracene-9 10- , -Succinic Anhydride(The Diels-Alder Reaction -- 8.3 The Backmann Rearrangement -- 8.3.1 Preparation of Benzanilide -- 8.4 The Perkin Reaction -- 8.4.1 Preparation of Cinnamic Acid -- 8.5 The Cannizzaro Reaction -- 8.5.1 Base-Catalyzed Oxidation-Reduction of Benzaldehyde -- 8.6 The Fries Rearrangement -- 8.6.1 Preparation of 2, 5-Dihydroxyacetophenone -- 8.7 The Schotten-Baumann Reaction -- 8.7.1 Preparation of Benzanilide -- 8.8 Benzilic Acid Rearrangement -- 8.8.1 Preparation of Benzilic Acid -- 8.9 The Reimer-Tiemann Reaction -- 8.9.1 Preparation of Salicylaldehyde -- 8.10 Oxidation and Reduction -- 8.10.1 Preparation of Cyclohexanone (Oxidation) -- 8.10.2 Preparation of p-Nitrobenzoic Acid (Oxidation) -- 8.10.3 Preparation of Anthraquinone (Oxidation) -- 8.10.4 Preparation of Adipic Acid (Oxidation) -- 8.10.5 Preparation of Benzoic Acid (Oxidation) -- 8.10.6 Preparation of Trimethylacetic Acid (Oxidation) -- 8.10.7 Preparation of Ethylbenzene (The Wolff-Kishner Reduction) -- 8.10.8 Preparation of Benzhydrol (Reduction) -- 8.10.9 Preparation and Stereochemistry of Azobenzene (Reduction) -- 8.10.10 Preparation of m-Nitroaniline from m-Dinitrobenzene (Reduction) -- 8.10.11 Reduction of p-Nitroacetophenone (Selective Reduction) -- 8.11 Organometallic Chemistry -- 8.11.1 Preparation of Benzoic Acid (The Grignard Reaction) -- 8.11.2 Preparation of Triphenylmethanol (The Grignard Reaction) -- 8.11.3 Preparation of p-Toluic Acid from p-Bromotoluene -- 8.12 Dehydration -- 8.12.1 Preparation of Cyclohexene -- 8.12.2 Preparation of Succinic Anhydride.

8.12.3 Dehydration of Camphor Oxime (Molecular Rearrangement) -- 8.13 Optical Activity -- 8.13.1 Resolution of Racemic Phenylethylamine -- 8.14 Heterocyclic Compounds -- 8.14.1 Preparation of Quinoline (The Skraup Synthesis) -- 8.14.2 Preparation of 2-Phenylindole (The Fischer-Indole Synthesis) -- 8.14.3 Preparation of 1-Phenyl-3-Methyl-5-Pyrazolone -- 8.14.4 Preparation of 5-Hydroxy-1, 3-Benzoxazol-2-One -- 8.14.5 Preparation of 1, 2-Diphenyl-5-Nitrobenzimidazole -- 8.15 Diazotisation -- 8.15.1 Preparation of p-Iodonitrobenzene -- 8.15.2 Preparation of p-Chlorotoluene (The Sandmeyer Reaction) -- 8.15.3 Preparation of o-Chlorobenzoic Acid (The Sandmeyer Reaction) -- 8.16 Preparation of Dyes -- 8.16.1 Preparation of Methyl Orange -- 8.16.2 Preparation of Phenolphthalein -- 8.16.3 Preparation of Fluorescein -- 8.16.4 Preparation of Eosin -- 8.16.5 Preparation of Methyl Red -- 8.17 The Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement -- 8.18 Chromatographic Methods -- 8.18.1 Column Chromatography -- 8.18.2 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) -- 8.18.3 Paper Chromatography -- 8.19 Polymerization -- 8.19.1 Preparation of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin -- 8.19.2 Preparation of Thiokol Rubber -- 8.19.3 Polymerization of Styrene -- 8.19.4 Preparation of Nylon-66 -- 8.20 Catalytic Hydrogenation -- 8.20.1 Conversion of Cinnamic Acid to Hydrocinnamic Acid -- 8.21 Photochemical Reactions -- 8.21.1 Preparation of Benzopinacol -- 8.21.2 Photochemical Isomerization of Azobenzene -- 8.22 The Haloform Reaction -- 8.22.1 Preparation of Iodoform -- 8.23 Isolation Experiments -- 8.23.1 Isolation of Caffeine from Tea -- 8.23.2 Isolation of Lycopene from Tomatoes -- 8.23.3 Isolation of Casein from Milk -- 8.23.4 Isolation of Piperine from Pepper -- 8.23.5 Isolation and Estimation of Aspirin -- 8.24 Preparation of Triptycene -- 8.25 Addition of Dichlorocarbene to Cyclohexene.

8.26 Miscellaneous Preparations -- 8.26.1 Preparation of Methyl Benzoate -- 8.26.2 Preparation of Acetanilide (Acetylation) -- 8.26.3 Preparation of Aspirin (Acetylation) -- 8.26.4 Preparation of p-Nitroaniline -- 8.26.5 Preparation of Mandelic Acid -- 8.26.6 Preparation of Anthranilic Acid -- 8.26.7 Preparation of Phenylurea -- 8.26.8 Preparation of 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine -- 8.26.9 Preparation of 7-Hydroxy-4-Methylcoumarin -- 8.26.10 Preparation of Soap from Fat -- 8.26.11 Preparation of p-Bromoaniline -- Chapter 9. Spectroscopic Methods -- 9.1 Infrared Spectroscopy -- 9.1.1 Instrumentation -- 9.1.2 Preparation of Sample -- 9.1.3 Interpretation of Spectra -- 9.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- 9.2.1 Instrumentation and Sample Handling -- 9.2.2 Interpretation of Spectra -- Selected References -- Appendix 1. Preparation of Reagents -- Appendix 2. Purification of Solvents -- Appendix 3. Atomic Masses of Some Elements -- Appendix 4. Physical Constants of Some Common Compounds -- Appendix 5 Physical Constants of Acids and Bases -- Appendix 6. Mixture for Cooling Baths -- Selected Journals -- Index.