Front Cover -- Primate Models of Children's Health and Developmental Disabilities -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Developmental Disabilities and Primate Models Defined -- INTRODUCTION -- DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY DEFINED? -- PRIMATE MODELS DEFINED -- NATURAL PRIMATE MODELS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY -- THE FUTURE OF PRIMATE MODELS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 The Origin of Developmental Psychopathologies: Insights from Nonhuman Primate Studies -- INTRODUCTION -- SOCIAL COGNITION AND THE SOCIAL BRAIN -- DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SKILLS IN MACAQUES -- DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL BRAIN IN MACAQUES -- BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING SELECTIVE NEONATAL LESIONS -- IMPLICATION FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES IN HUMANS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE STUDIES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Macaque Models of Visual Development and Disability -- NORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF VISION IN MACAQUE MONKEYS -- VISUAL DISABILITY IN CHILDHOOD -- EFFECTS OF VISUAL EXPERIENCE ON VISUAL DEVELOPMENT -- NUTRITION AND VISUAL DEVELOPMENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Spontaneous and Experimentally Induced Autoimmune Diseases in Nonhuman Primates -- INTRODUCTION -- IMMUNE MECHANISMS IN IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS -- SPONTANEOUS AUTOIMMUNITY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES -- EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES -- ARTHRITIS MODELS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Self-injurious Behavior: Nonhuman Primate Models for the Human Condition -- EXPRESSION OF SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR -- DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR -- TREATMENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 Abnormal Behavior in Nonhuman Primates and Models of Development -- INTRODUCTION -- TYPES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN MACAQUES.

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR -- THE FUNCTIONS OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN PRIMATES AND RELATIONSHIP TO MODELS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Neurochemistry and Behavior: Nonhuman Primate Studies -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN CNS DEVELOPMENT -- ATTACHMENT -- AGGRESSION -- BIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATES OF AGGRESSION -- ETIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES -- GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS -- GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Assessing Environmental Complexity for Both Normal and Deviant Development -- INTRODUCTION -- SENSATION -- NOVELTY -- COMPLEXITY -- A THEORETICAL PROPOSAL -- AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL -- RESPONSIVENESS TO THE ENVIRONMENT -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Prenatal Stress Influences on Neurobehavior, Stress Reactivity, and Dopaminergic Function in Rhesus Macaques -- HUMAN STUDIES -- POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF PRENATAL STRESS EFFECTS -- MATERNAL STRESS HORMONES -- MORPHOLOGICAL AND NEUROTRANSMITTER CHANGES IN PRENATALLY-STRESSED ANIMALS -- ADVANTAGES OF THE NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL OF PRENATAL STRESS EFFECTS -- NONHUMAN PRIMATE PRENATAL STRESS STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, SEATTLE -- PRENATAL STRESS EFFECTS IN RHESUS MONKEYS ON NEUROBEHAVIOR, HPA AXIS REGULATION, AND BRAIN FUNCTION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN -- PRENATAL STRESS AND FETAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE -- INFANT OUTCOME VARIABLES -- HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS REGULATION -- STRIATAL DOPAMINE FUNCTION -- SENSORY PROCESSING -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Pediatric AIDS: Maternal-Fetal and Maternal-Infant Transmission of Lentiviruses and Effects on Infant Development in Nonhuman Primates -- INTRODUCTION -- DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES IN HIV-INFECTED INFANTS AND CHILDREN -- REVIEW OF LENTIVIRUS MODELS FOR AIDS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES.

EFFECTS OF INFECTION ON INFANT DEVELOPMENT AND NEUROBIOLOGY -- APPLICATIONS OF THE MODELS FOR ANTIVIRAL INTERVENTION STRATEGIES TO LIMIT VIRAL SPREAD AND MAINTAIN CD4 CELLS -- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS TO REDUCE DEVELOPMENT DISABILITIES -- DEDICATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Endocrine Disruption during Brain Development of Nonhuman Primates -- INTRODUCTION -- SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE BRAIN AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS -- ARE NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODELS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION ON SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE BRAIN IN HUMANS? -- OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT NONHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES -- SOCIAL INTERACTIONS - PRENATAL INTERVENTIONS -- SOCIAL INTERACTIONS - POSTNATAL INTERVENTIONS -- PRE/POSTNATAL INTERVENTIONS AND COGNITION -- INTERVENTIONS IN THE JUVENILE PERIOD -- IMPORTANT DATA GAPS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- DISCLAIMER -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 Exposure to Drugs of Abuse: Alterations in Nonhuman Primate Development as Models of Adverse Consequences -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS FOR ASSESSING COMPLEX BRAIN FUNCTION IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES -- ALTERED BRAIN FUNCTION AFTER EXPOSURE TO DRUGS OF ABUSE DURING DEVELOPMENT -- COMMENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 The Use of Nonhuman Primates in Evaluating the Safety of Therapeutic Medications Used During Pregnancy -- INTRODUCTION -- THERAPEUTIC USES OF DRUGS DURING HUMAN PREGNANCY -- FETAL SAFETY AND IMPACT OF DRUGS ON FETAL DEVELOPMENT -- SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE ANIMAL MODEL -- EFFECTS OF DRUG EXPOSURES VIA BREASTMILK -- TERATOGENS OF SPECIAL INTEREST -- SAFETY OF DRUGS USED DURING PREGNANCY -- OTHER DRUGS OF INTEREST -- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14 Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and Developmental Risk: Contributions from Studies with Monkeys -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS IN CHILDREN.

MONKEYS AS MODELS FOR CHILDHOOD CHEMICAL EXPOSURES -- MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE -- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 Future Directions: Assisted Reproductive Technologies as Tools for Creating Nonhuman Primate Models of Developmental Disability -- INTRODUCTION -- BRIEF HISTORY AND STATUS OF NONHUMAN PRIMATE ARTS -- ARTS AND DISEASE MODELS: OF MICE AND MONKEYS -- IDENTICAL ANIMALS: WHY CLONE, WHEN YOU CAN TWIN? -- MONOZYGOTIC TWIN NONHUMAN PRIMATES -- NONHUMAN PRIMATE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS -- TWIN AND EMBRYONIC STEM CELL-BASED MODELS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS -- LIMITATIONS AND SUPPORT FOR THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- Plate Section.