Contents -- Acknowledgement -- List of Tables -- Introduction -- Revolution Revisited -- The Main Questions -- Further Reflections -- Chapter 1 Intellectual Social Circles and the Gestation of the Creation Society -- Social Background of the Creation Society Members -- Chinese Students' Lives in Japan -- KMT Exiles in the Chinese Community in Japan -- The Circle of Young China Association (YCA) and the Establishment of the Creation Society -- Chapter 2 The Socio-political Context of Intellectuals' Self-Recognition -- Social Thinking in Taishō Japan -- Competition for Social and Cultural Capital in the Early Period -- Tension between Intellectuals and the Capital Market -- Assuming a Proletarian Identity -- Proletarian or Not? -- Chapter 3 "Mission of Literature" and the Political Involvement of the Creation Society -- "National Literature" and Its Problems -- Becoming Revolutionary Writers: Political Influence of the KMT Guangzhou Government -- Disillusioned Intellectuals after 1926 -- Revolutionary Literature: The Social History of a Concept -- "Revolutionary Literature" under the Scope of Party Politics -- Chapter 4 Struggle between Two Souls: Intellectuals' Theoretical Construction of Class Transformation -- Proletarian Class Consciousness -- "Proletarian Revolutionary Literature": A Reflexive Concept -- Temporality and Historiography -- Subjectivity -- The Misinterpretation and Reinterpretation of "Aufheben" -- The Formation of the "Battlefield of Ideology" and the Practise of "Aufheben" -- Chapter 5 Theoretical Struggle: The Politics of Literature and Arts -- The Dialectics of Theory and Practise -- The Cultural Policy of the KMT from 1925-1931 -- Political Propaganda of the CCP, 1925-1930 -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.