European Cities in the Modern Era,1850-1914 -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- I. Capitals of the Nineteenth Century -- 1. London at the Time of the Great Exhibition of 1851 -- 2. The Rebuilding of Paris under Haussmann -- 3. Paris at the Time of the International Exposition of 1867 -- II. The Urbanization of Europe in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century and its Economic and Demographic Background -- 1. Elements of Europe's Urbanization 1850-1914 -- 2. The Demographic Backdrop -- 3. The Economic Sources of Urbanization -- 4. Urban Systems and City-Country Relations -- III. Migration, Urban Society, and Urban Space -- 1. Migration and Urban Society -- 2. Urban Societies and Urban Space: Fragmentation and Heterogeneity? -- IV. Housing Conditions and Housing Reform -- 1. Housing Conditions in European Cities during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century - A Comparative Perspective -- 2. Ideas and Initiatives for Reform -- V. The Construction of the Modern City: Self-Government, Urban Infrastructure, and Planning in the Epoch of Municipal Socialism -- 1. Structures of Communal Self-Governance in Europe, 1850-1914 -- 2. The Modern City: Healthy and Stench-Free? -- 3. The Modern City: Bright, Fast, and Well-Planned? -- 4. The Modern City: Solicitous and Social? -- 5. Municipal Socialism: Significance and Limits -- VI. Culture, Communication, Critique -- 1. Middle Class High Culture, Workers' Culture, Mass Culture -- 2. Mass Media, Perceptions of the City, and the Critique of City Life -- VII. The Struggle for Urban Space -- 1. Men and Women, Above and Below, Day and Night -- 2. Revolutions and Demonstrations, Pogroms and Terrorism -- Bibliography -- Index.